Kottom Theodore J, Carmona Eva M, Limper Andrew H
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Jul 6;9(7):729. doi: 10.3390/jof9070729.
sp. are fungal pathogens and members of the Ascomycota phylum. Immunocompetent individuals can readily eliminate the fungus, whereas immunocompromised individuals can develop pneumonia (PJP). Currently, over 500,000 cases occur worldwide, and the organism is listed on the recently released WHO fungal priority pathogens list. Overall, the number of PJP cases over the last few decades in developed countries with the use of highly effective antiretroviral therapy has decreased, but the cases of non-HIV individuals using immunosuppressive therapies have significantly increased. Even with relatively effective current anti- therapies, the mortality rate remains 30-60% in non-HIV patients and 10-20% during initial episodes of PJP in HIV/AIDS patients. Although the role of alveolar macrophages is well studied and established, there is also well-established and emerging evidence regarding the role of epithelial cells in the immune response to fungi. This mini review provides a brief overview summarizing the innate immune response of the lung epithelium and various continuously cultured mammalian cell lines to .
肺孢子菌是真菌病原体，属于子囊菌门。免疫功能正常的个体能够轻易清除这种真菌，而免疫功能低下的个体则可能发展为肺炎（肺孢子菌肺炎）。目前，全球有超过50万例病例，该病原体被列入世界卫生组织最近发布的真菌重点病原体名单。总体而言，在发达国家，过去几十年中随着高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的使用，肺孢子菌肺炎病例有所减少，但使用免疫抑制疗法的非艾滋病患者的病例显著增加。即使目前有相对有效的抗真菌疗法，非艾滋病患者的死亡率仍为30%至60%，艾滋病患者初次发生肺孢子菌肺炎时的死亡率为10%至20%。尽管肺泡巨噬细胞的作用已得到充分研究和证实，但关于上皮细胞在真菌免疫反应中的作用也有确凿且新出现的证据。本综述简要概述了肺上皮细胞和各种连续培养的哺乳动物细胞系对肺孢子菌的固有免疫反应。
