Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea.
Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jun 21;21(7):369. doi: 10.3390/md21070369.
Microalgae are proposed to have powerful applications for human health in the pharmaceutical and food industries. species (sp.), which are green microalgae, were identified as a source of broad-spectrum health-promoting biological activities. However, the bioactivity of these species has not been elucidated. We aimed to confirm the antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of sp. extract (TEE). TEE showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities and reduced plaque formation in Vero E6 cells infected with vaccinia virus. TEE treatment also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and improved cell viability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. These anti-inflammatory effects were further analyzed in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the zebrafish model. Further, TEE reduced induced NO synthase expression and proinflammatory cytokine release, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, through MAPKs and NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Further analysis revealed that TEE increased the survival rate and reduced cell death and NO production in an LPS-stimulated zebrafish model. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a strong presence of the carotenoid lutein in TEE. Overall, the results suggest that lutein-enriched TEE may be a potent antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory agent that could be sustainably utilized in industrial applications.
微藻在医药和食品工业中对人类健康具有强大的应用潜力。绿微藻被鉴定为具有广泛促进健康的生物活性的来源。然而，这些物种的生物活性尚未被阐明。我们旨在确认 sp. 提取物（TEE）的抗氧化、抗病毒和抗炎作用。TEE 表现出 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼水合物自由基和过氧化氢清除活性，并减少了感染牛痘病毒的 Vero E6 细胞中的斑块形成。TEE 处理还显著抑制了脂多糖（LPS）诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞中一氧化氮（NO）的产生并提高了细胞活力。这些抗炎作用在 LPS 诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞和斑马鱼模型中进一步进行了分析。此外，TEE 通过 MAPKs 和 NF-κB 依赖性机制降低诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达和促炎细胞因子释放，包括肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6 和白细胞介素-1β。进一步分析表明，TEE 增加了 LPS 刺激的斑马鱼模型中的存活率并减少了细胞死亡和 NO 的产生。此外，高效液相色谱法显示 TEE 中存在强烈的叶黄素类胡萝卜素。总的来说，这些结果表明富含叶黄素的 TEE 可能是一种有效的抗氧化剂、抗病毒和抗炎剂，可在工业应用中可持续利用。
