Leal Catarina, Trotel-Aziz Patricia, Gramaje David, Armengol Josep, Fontaine Florence
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes RIBP EA 4707, INRAE USC 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France.
Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Phytopathology. 2024 Jan;114(1):21-34. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-23-0136-RVW. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
Species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family are the causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD), a worldwide grapevine trunk disease. Because of their lifestyle and their adaptation to a wide range of temperatures, these fungi constitute a serious threat to vineyards and viticulture, especially in the actual context of climate change. Grapevine plants from both nurseries and vineyards are very susceptible to infections by botryosphaeriaceous fungi due to several cuts and wounds made during their propagation process and their entire life cycle, respectively. When decline becomes chronic or apoplectic, it reduces the longevity of the vineyard and affects the quality of the wine, leading to huge economic losses. Given the environmental impact of fungicides, and their short period of effectiveness in protecting pruning wounds, alternative strategies are being developed to fight BD fungal pathogens and limit their propagation. Among them, biological control has been recognized as a promising and sustainable alternative. However, there is still no effective strategy for combating this complex disease, conditioned by both fungal life traits and host tolerance traits, in relationships with the whole microbiome/microbiota. To provide sound guidance for an effective and sustainable integrated management of BD, by combining the limitation of infection risk, tolerant grapevine cultivars, and biological control, this review explores some of the factors conditioning the expression of BD in grapevine. Among them, the lifestyle of BD-associated pathogens, their pathogenicity factors, the cultivar traits of tolerance or susceptibility, and the biocontrol potential of spp. and spp. are discussed.
葡萄座腔菌科的物种是葡萄座腔菌枝干溃疡病（BD）的病原体，这是一种全球性的葡萄树干病害。由于其生活方式以及对广泛温度范围的适应性，这些真菌对葡萄园和葡萄栽培构成了严重威胁，尤其是在当前气候变化的背景下。苗圃和葡萄园的葡萄植株在繁殖过程和整个生命周期中分别会产生多处切口和伤口，因此极易受到葡萄座腔菌科真菌的感染。当病情发展为慢性或急性时，会缩短葡萄园的寿命并影响葡萄酒的质量，从而导致巨大的经济损失。鉴于杀菌剂对环境的影响以及它们在保护修剪伤口方面的有效期较短，人们正在开发替代策略来对抗BD真菌病原体并限制其传播。其中，生物防治已被认为是一种有前景的可持续替代方法。然而，对于这种受真菌生活特性和宿主耐受特性以及与整个微生物组/微生物群关系所制约的复杂病害，目前仍没有有效的防治策略。为了通过结合感染风险限制、耐病葡萄品种和生物防治，为BD的有效和可持续综合管理提供可靠指导，本综述探讨了一些影响葡萄中BD表达的因素。其中，讨论了与BD相关病原体的生活方式、它们的致病因子、品种的耐受或易感特性以及 spp. 和 spp. 的生物防治潜力。
