Liao Chien-Sen, Cao Xuan-Di, Lee Wei-Chen, Yang Chu-Wen
Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jun 21;12(7):1082. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12071082.
The intensive use of benzoic acid (BA), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HB), and dehydroacetate (DHA) as additives and preservatives in cosmetics and foods causes emerging environmental pollutions. Anthropogenic releases of BA, HB and DHA are primarily emissions into water and soil. However, few studies investigate the effects of BA, HB and DHA on microbial communities in freshwater river sediments. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of BA, HB and DHA on microbial communities in freshwater river sediments. Tetracycline-, sulfamethoxazole- and preservative-resistant microbes were increased in the river sediments treated with BA, HB and DHA. The relative abundances of methanogen- and xenobiotic-degradation-associated microbial communities were also increased in the BA-, HB- and DHA-treated sediments. The relative abundance of four nitrogen cycle associated microbial groups (anammox, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction) were increased after the eighth week in the BA-, HB- and DHA-treated sediments. For the sulfur cycle, the relative abundance of thiosulfate oxidation associated microbial communities were increased after the eighth week in the BA-, HB- and DHA-treated sediments. Results of this study provide insight into the effects of BA, HB and DHA on antibiotic resistance, nitrogen cycle, sulfur cycle, drug resistance and methane production in freshwater aquatic environments.
在化妆品和食品中大量使用苯甲酸（BA）、4-羟基苯甲酸（HB）和脱氢乙酸（DHA）作为添加剂和防腐剂会造成新出现的环境污染。BA、HB和DHA的人为排放主要进入水和土壤。然而，很少有研究调查BA、HB和DHA对淡水河流沉积物中微生物群落的影响。本研究的目的是揭示BA、HB和DHA对淡水河流沉积物中微生物群落的影响。在用BA、HB和DHA处理的河流沉积物中，耐四环素、磺胺甲恶唑和防腐剂的微生物增加。在经BA、HB和DHA处理的沉积物中，产甲烷菌和与异生物质降解相关的微生物群落的相对丰度也增加。在经BA、HB和DHA处理的沉积物中，第八周后与四种氮循环相关的微生物组（厌氧氨氧化、固氮、反硝化和异化硝酸盐还原）的相对丰度增加。对于硫循环，在经BA、HB和DHA处理的沉积物中，第八周后与硫代硫酸盐氧化相关的微生物群落的相对丰度增加。本研究结果为了解BA、HB和DHA对淡水水生环境中抗生素抗性、氮循环、硫循环、耐药性和甲烷产生的影响提供了见解。
