Tomei M Concetta, Mosca Angelucci Domenica, Clagnan Elisa, Brusetti Lorenzo
Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione Rome, Italy.
Ricicla Group - DiSAA, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Mar;105(6):2195-2224. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11182-5. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Anaerobic biodegradation of toxic compounds found in industrial wastewater is an attractive solution allowing the recovery of energy and resources but it is still challenging due to the low kinetics making the anaerobic process not competitive against the aerobic one. In this review, we summarise the present state of knowledge on the anaerobic biodegradation process for phenol, a typical target compound employed in toxicity studies on industrial wastewater treatment. The objective of this article is to provide an overview on the microbiological and technological aspects of anaerobic phenol degradation and on the research needs to fill the gaps still hindering the diffusion of the anaerobic process. The first part is focused on the microbiology and extensively presents and characterises phenol-degrading bacteria and biodegradation pathways. In the second part, dedicated to process feasibility, anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation kinetics are analysed and compared, and strategies to enhance process performance, i.e. advanced technologies, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation, are critically analysed and discussed. The final section provides a summary of the research needs. Literature data analysis shows the feasibility of anaerobic phenol biodegradation at laboratory and pilot scale, but there is still a consistent gap between achieved aerobic and anaerobic performance. This is why current research demand is mainly related to the development and optimisation of powerful technologies and effective operation strategies able to enhance the competitiveness of the anaerobic process. Research efforts are strongly justified because the anaerobic process is a step forward to a more sustainable approach in wastewater treatment.Key points• Review of phenol-degraders bacteria and biodegradation pathways.• Anaerobic phenol biodegradation kinetics for metabolic and co-metabolic processes.• Microbial and technological strategies to enhance process performance.
工业废水中有毒化合物的厌氧生物降解是一种颇具吸引力的解决方案，可实现能源和资源回收，但由于动力学缓慢，厌氧过程仍面临挑战，使其在与好氧过程的竞争中不占优势。在本综述中，我们总结了关于苯酚厌氧生物降解过程的现有知识状态，苯酚是工业废水处理毒性研究中常用的典型目标化合物。本文旨在概述厌氧苯酚降解的微生物学和技术方面，以及填补仍阻碍厌氧过程推广的空白所需的研究需求。第一部分聚焦于微生物学，广泛介绍并表征了苯酚降解细菌和生物降解途径。第二部分致力于工艺可行性，分析并比较了厌氧和好氧生物降解动力学，对提高工艺性能的策略，即先进技术、生物强化和生物刺激进行了批判性分析和讨论。最后一部分总结了研究需求。文献数据分析表明，厌氧苯酚生物降解在实验室和中试规模上是可行的，但好氧和厌氧性能之间仍存在较大差距。这就是为什么当前的研究需求主要与开发和优化强大的技术以及有效的运行策略有关，这些技术和策略能够提高厌氧过程的竞争力。研究工作具有充分的合理性，因为厌氧过程是朝着更可持续的废水处理方法迈出的一步。
要点
• 苯酚降解菌和生物降解途径综述。
• 代谢和共代谢过程的厌氧苯酚生物降解动力学。
• 提高工艺性能的微生物和技术策略。
