Ispoglou Theocharis, Wilson Oliver, McCullough Deaglan, Aldrich Luke, Ferentinos Panagiotis, Lyall Gemma, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou Antonios, Duckworth Lauren, Brown Meghan A, Sutton Louise, Potts Alexandra J, Archbold Victoria, Hargreaves Jackie, McKenna Jim
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 21;12(7):892. doi: 10.3390/biology12070892.
This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing metabolic disease and secondary sarcopenia in type II diabetes mellitus is emphasized. Additionally, the potential benefits of resistance and aerobic training are explored. This review emphasises the role of nutrition in addressing sarcopenia in patients with CVD or MDs, focusing on strategies such as optimising protein intake, promoting plant-based protein sources, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids and ensuring sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, the potential benefits of targeting gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotic fibres in sarcopenic individuals are considered. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate behavioural science are explored to enhance the uptake and sustainability of behaviour-based sarcopenia interventions. Future research should prioritise high-quality randomized controlled trials to refine exercise and nutritional interventions and investigate the incorporation of behavioural science into routine practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is essential to improve health outcomes, well-being and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia and coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
本叙述性综述探讨了心血管疾病（CVD）和代谢性疾病（MDs）发生发展的潜在机制，以及它们与肌肉减少症的关联。此外，还提出了针对患有这些疾病的患者肌肉减少症的非药物干预措施。强调了联合训练在管理2型糖尿病患者的代谢性疾病和继发性肌肉减少症方面的重要性。此外，还探讨了抗阻训练和有氧运动的潜在益处。本综述强调了营养在解决患有心血管疾病或代谢性疾病患者肌肉减少症方面的作用，重点关注优化蛋白质摄入量、推广植物性蛋白质来源、摄入富含抗氧化剂的食物和ω-3脂肪酸以及确保足够的维生素D水平等策略。此外，还考虑了通过益生菌和益生元纤维针对肌肉减少症患者肠道微生物群的潜在益处。探讨了整合行为科学的多学科方法，以提高基于行为的肌肉减少症干预措施的接受度和可持续性。未来的研究应优先开展高质量的随机对照试验，以完善运动和营养干预措施，并研究将行为科学纳入常规实践的情况。最终，全面且多方面的方法对于改善患有肌肉减少症以及并存心血管和代谢疾病的老年人的健康结局、幸福感和生活质量至关重要。
