Stabile Guglielmo, Ripepi Chiara, Sancin Lara, Restaino Stefano, Mangino Francesco Paolo, Nappi Luigi, Ricci Giuseppe
Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
UCO Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jul 19;15(14):3679. doi: 10.3390/cancers15143679.
The female genital tract can be involved as a secondary manifestation of disseminated lymphomas or leukaemia but can rarely be the primary site of so-called extranodal lymphomas. Primary lymphomas of the female genital tract can affect the uterine corpus, uterine cervix, vulva, vagina, or adnexa. Only about 0.008% of all cervical tumours are primary malignant lymphomas. The most common clinical presentation of primary cervical lymphomas is a history of prolonged minor abnormal uterine bleeding, while unstoppable bleeding at presentation is rarely reported in the literature. "B" symptoms related to nodal lymphomas are usually absent. Since vaginal bleeding is a nonspecific symptom, the first diagnostic hypothesis is usually of one of the more common female genital conditions such as cervical or endometrial carcinoma or sarcoma, fibroids, adenomyosis, or endometriosis. Cervical cytology is usually negative. Preoperative diagnosis requires deep cervical biopsy. No guidelines regarding optimal treatment exists; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are used in different combinations. Conservative treatment with the combination of surgery and chemotherapy or surgery and radiotherapy has been reported in a few cases with apparent success. With this review, we aim to understand what the best therapeutic approaches for this rare pathology in young and elderly women are. Moreover, we find favorable pregnancy outcome in patients treated with a fertility sparing approach.
女性生殖道可作为播散性淋巴瘤或白血病的次要表现受累,但很少会成为所谓结外淋巴瘤的原发部位。女性生殖道原发性淋巴瘤可累及子宫体、子宫颈、外阴、阴道或附件。在所有宫颈肿瘤中,原发性恶性淋巴瘤仅占约0.008%。原发性宫颈淋巴瘤最常见的临床表现是长期少量子宫异常出血史,而文献中很少报道就诊时出现难以控制的出血。与淋巴结淋巴瘤相关的“B”症状通常不存在。由于阴道出血是一种非特异性症状,首先的诊断假设通常是更常见的女性生殖系统疾病之一,如宫颈癌或子宫内膜癌或肉瘤、子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌病或子宫内膜异位症。宫颈细胞学检查通常为阴性。术前诊断需要进行宫颈深部活检。目前尚无关于最佳治疗方案的指南;放疗、化疗和手术以不同组合方式使用。少数病例报告采用手术与化疗或手术与放疗联合的保守治疗取得了明显成功。通过本综述,我们旨在了解针对年轻和老年女性这种罕见病理的最佳治疗方法是什么。此外,我们发现采用保留生育功能方法治疗的患者妊娠结局良好。