Computational Mechanics of Form-Fitting 3D-Printed Lattice-Based Wrist-Hand Orthosis for Motor Neuron Disease.

Motor neuron disease (MND) patients often experience hand-wrist muscle atrophy resulting in severe social consequences and hampering their daily activities. Although hand-wrist orthosis is commonly used to assist weakened muscles, its effectiveness is limited due to the rapid progression of the disease and the need for customization to suit individual patient requirements. To address these challenges, this study investigates the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design and fabricate two lattice structures inspired by silkworm cocoons, using poly-ε-caprolactone as feedstock material. Finite element method (FEM) analysis is employed to study the mechanical behavior, enabling control over the geometric configuration incorporated into the hand-wrist orthosis. Through tensile displacement and three-point bending simulations, the stress distribution is examined for both lattice geometries. Geometry-1 demonstrates anisotropic behavior, while geometry-2 exhibits no strict directional dependence due to its symmetry and uniform node positioning. Moreover, the biocompatibility of lattices with human skin fibroblasts is investigated, confirming excellent biocompatibility. Lastly, the study involves semi-structured interviews with MND patients to gather feedback and develop prototypes of form-fitting 3D-printed lattice-based hand-wrist orthosis. By utilizing 3D printing technology, this study aims to provide customized orthosis that can effectively support weakened muscles and reposition the hand for individuals with MND.