Abdelaal Gina, Carter Andrew, Cheung William, Panayiotidis Mihalis, Racey Seth, Tétard David, Veuger Stephany
Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus.
Biomedicines. 2023 Jul 24;11(7):2073. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11072073.
Anti-cancer therapy by iron chelation has been shown to inhibit many cellular processes including DNA replication, mitochondrial metabolism and oncogenic signalling pathways (e.g., EGFR). Iron chelator SK4 represents a double pronged approach towards treating cancer. SK4 enters through LAT1, a commonly overexpressed amino acid transporter in tumours, thus targeting iron addiction and LAT1 overexpression. The aim of this study was to characterise the mode of action of SK4 through proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and seahorse real-time analysis in ovarian cell line SKOV3 and triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231. Pathway enrichment of proteomics data showed an overrepresentation of metabolism related pathways. Metabolic change after SK4 exposure have been confirmed in investigations of changes in basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration using seahorse real-time analysis of mitochondrial metabolism. Metabolomics also showed an increase in AMP and glucose-1-phosphate. Interestingly, our lipidomics data show a decrease in phospholipid synthesis in the SKOV3 cells which is in contrast with previous data which showed an upregulation of ceramide driven apoptosis. In summary, our data highlight impairment of energy metabolism as a mechanism of action underlying SK4 apoptosis, but also suggest a potential role of ceramide induction in the phenotypic outcome of the cell model.
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