Gal Yoav, Marcus Hadar, Mamroud Emanuelle, Aloni-Grinstein Ronit
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jun 29;11(7):1701. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071701.
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a pressing public health concern, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to control bacterial infections. Promising approaches include the development of therapeutic vaccines and the utilization of innate immune activation techniques, which may prove useful in conjunction with antibiotics, as well as other antibacterial modalities. However, innate activation should be fast and self- or actively- contained to prevent detrimental consequences. TLR ligand adjuvants are effective at rapidly activating, within minutes to hours, the innate immune system by inducing cytokine production and other signaling molecules that bolster the host's immune response. Neutrophils serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens by capturing and destroying them through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, intracellular degradation, and the formation of NETs. Nutritional immunity is another host defense mechanism that limits the availability of essential metals, such as iron, from invading bacterial pathogens. Thus, iron starvation has been proposed as a potential antibacterial strategy. In this review, we focus on approaches that have the potential to enhance rapid and precise antibacterial responses, bridging the gap between the onset of infection and the elimination of bacteria, hence limiting the infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
抗生素耐药细菌的出现是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题，凸显了需要采用替代方法来控制细菌感染。有前景的方法包括开发治疗性疫苗和利用先天免疫激活技术，这些方法可能与抗生素以及其他抗菌方式联合使用时证明是有用的。然而，先天激活应该快速且自我或主动控制，以防止产生有害后果。TLR配体佐剂能够在数分钟到数小时内通过诱导细胞因子产生和其他支持宿主免疫反应的信号分子，有效地快速激活先天免疫系统。中性粒细胞通过吞噬、细胞内降解和形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱等各种机制捕获并消灭入侵病原体，作为抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线。营养免疫是另一种宿主防御机制，它限制了入侵细菌病原体可获得的必需金属，如铁。因此，铁饥饿已被提出作为一种潜在的抗菌策略。在这篇综述中，我们关注那些有可能增强快速而精确的抗菌反应的方法，弥合感染发生与细菌清除之间的差距，从而限制抗生素耐药细菌的感染。
