Isola Daniela, Bartoli Flavia, Morretta Simona, Caneva Giulia
Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jul 6;11(7):1770. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071770.
Like other hypogeal environments, the Roman Houses of the Caelian Hill are prone to unwanted biological growth. Wide conservative interventions have been carried out at the beginning of this millenium to reduce biodeterioration and physical-chemical damages. Retracing the last monitoring work, we assessed the site's current state of conservation and biodeterioration intending to check the previous treatments' effectiveness and deepen the common knowledge of the subterranean biota and their possible biodeteriogenic effects. Starting from the past test areas and the previous identifications of the occurring biodeteriogens, we further isolated and identified the main eubacterial, fungal, and phototrophic settlers, focusing on some detrimental traits for wall paintings (i.e., acid production and carbonate precipitation). The achieved results proved the success of the performed interventions in reducing the wall's water content. Otherwise, the new conditions raise, in the long term, new concerns about lampenflora, carbonate precipitations, and salt efflorescence. Here, the Caelian Houses' new status is documented. The possible favouring conditions for the different groups of biodeteriogens, along with the taxonomical novelties, additional risks tied to the anthropization of the resident culturable microbial community, and the possible relation between the black fungus and roots, are reported and discussed.
与其他地下环境一样，西里欧山的罗马房屋容易出现有害生物生长。在本世纪初，人们进行了广泛的保守干预措施，以减少生物劣化和物理化学损害。回顾上次监测工作，我们评估了该遗址目前的保护状况和生物劣化情况，旨在检查先前处理措施的有效性，并加深对地下生物群及其可能的生物劣化作用的普遍认识。从过去的测试区域和先前确定的生物劣化因子出发，我们进一步分离并鉴定了主要的真细菌、真菌和光合生物定居者，重点关注壁画的一些有害特性（即产酸和碳酸盐沉淀）。所取得的结果证明了所采取的干预措施在降低墙体含水量方面的成功。否则，从长远来看，新的情况引发了对灯藓、碳酸盐沉淀和盐析的新担忧。在此，记录了西里欧房屋的新状况。报告并讨论了不同生物劣化因子群体可能的有利条件，以及分类学上的新发现、与常驻可培养微生物群落人为化相关的额外风险，以及黑木耳与根系之间可能的关系。
