Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 17;28(14):5458. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145458.
In the frame of efforts to add value to the Mediterranean currant cultivation and processing sectors, which is essential for their sustainability, sweet wine production is proposed from the finishing side-stream (FSS) of premium quality Corinthian currants, involving complete fermentation using an alcohol-tolerant yeast followed by (i) the addition of FSS to extract sugars or (ii) syrup made from FSS to adjust sweetness. Wine was also made by (iii) ceasing fermentation at the desired sugar level by ethanol addition. The non-fortified wines had 15.2-15.5% ethanol, 115-145 g/L residual sugar, 7.2-7.6 g/L titratable acidity, low volatile acidity (VA; <0.33 g/L), 280-330 mg/L phenolic content (TPC) (as gallic acid), and 23.8-35.6 mg/L antioxidant capacity (AC) (as ascorbic acid). In total, 160 volatiles were identified by SPME GC-MS, including compounds derived from the grapes, the raisin drying, and the fermentation process. The non-fortified wines had better characteristics (mainly VA, AC, and TPC) than the fortified wine, while sweetness adjustment by FSS is the simplest and lowest cost method since it does not involve ethanol or syrup addition. The proposed methods can lead to good quality sweet wines with a characteristic fruity (grape/raisin) flavor that could be commercialized as specialty raisin beverages or liqueurs.
为了提高地中海醋栗种植和加工业的附加值，使其更具可持续性，从优质科林斯醋栗的精制副产物（FSS）中提出了甜酒生产方法，包括使用耐酒精酵母进行完全发酵，然后（i）添加 FSS 以提取糖，或（ii）使用 FSS 糖浆调整甜度。还可以通过（iii）添加乙醇来停止发酵，达到所需的糖水平。未强化葡萄酒的乙醇含量为 15.2-15.5%，残糖为 115-145g/L，可滴定酸度为 7.2-7.6g/L，挥发性酸度（VA；<0.33g/L）低，总酚含量（TPC）（以没食子酸计）为 280-330mg/L，抗氧化能力（AC）（以抗坏血酸计）为 23.8-35.6mg/L。总共通过 SPME GC-MS 鉴定出 160 种挥发性化合物，包括葡萄、葡萄干干燥和发酵过程中产生的化合物。未强化葡萄酒的特性（主要是 VA、AC 和 TPC）优于强化葡萄酒，而通过 FSS 调整甜度是最简单、成本最低的方法，因为它不涉及乙醇或糖浆的添加。所提出的方法可以生产出具有特色果味（葡萄/葡萄干）风味的优质甜酒，可以作为特色葡萄干饮料或利口酒商业化。
