School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 9;15(14):3084. doi: 10.3390/nu15143084.
Frailty is a major health issue associated with aging. Diet affects frailty status; however, studies on the associations between the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, low-fat diet (LFD) score and frailty in older Chinese adults are scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations between the LCD score, LFD score and risk of frailty in older Chinese adults. We analyzed data from 6414 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project. Frailty was measured using the frailty index (FI), calculated from 28 items comprising diseases, behavioral disorders and blood biochemistry and classified as robust, pre-frail and frail. LCD and LFD scores were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between LCD, LFD scores and frail or pre-frail status after adjusting for confounders. Participants' mean age was 66.60 ± 4.15 years, and 47.8% were male. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, drinking, smoking, BMI, physical activity and total energy, compared to the lowest quartile (Q1: reference), the odds ratios (ORs) for pre-frail and frail status in the highest quartile (Q4) of LCD score were 0.73 (95% confidence intervals: 0.61-0.88; for trend = 0.017) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.55-0.95; for trend = 0.035), respectively. No significant associations were observed between LFD score and either pre-frail or frail status. Our data support that lower-carbohydrate diets were associated with lower pre-frail or frail status, particularly in females, while diets lower in fat were not significantly associated with the risk of either pre-frail or frail status in older Chinese adults. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm these results.
虚弱是与衰老相关的主要健康问题。饮食会影响虚弱状态；然而，关于低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）评分、低脂肪饮食（LFD）评分与中国老年人虚弱之间关联的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨中国老年人中 LCD 评分、LFD 评分与虚弱风险之间的关系。我们分析了来自中国西北自然人群队列：宁夏项目的 6414 名年龄≥60 岁的参与者的数据。使用衰弱指数（FI）来衡量衰弱，FI 是根据包含疾病、行为障碍和血液生化的 28 个项目计算得出的，并分为强壮、衰弱前期和衰弱。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）计算 LCD 和 LFD 评分。采用多因素逻辑回归模型，在调整混杂因素后，评估 LCD、LFD 评分与虚弱或衰弱前期状态之间的关联。参与者的平均年龄为 66.60±4.15 岁，47.8%为男性。在调整年龄、性别、教育程度、饮酒、吸烟、BMI、体力活动和总能量后，与 LCD 评分最低四分位（Q1：参考）相比，LCD 评分最高四分位（Q4）的衰弱前期和衰弱状态的比值比（OR）分别为 0.73（95%置信区间：0.61-0.88；趋势检验=0.017）和 0.73（95%CI：0.55-0.95；趋势检验=0.035）。LFD 评分与衰弱前期或衰弱状态之间无显著关联。我们的数据支持低碳水化合物饮食与衰弱前期或衰弱状态呈负相关，尤其是在女性中，而低脂肪饮食与衰弱前期或衰弱状态的风险无显著关联。需要进一步的干预研究来证实这些结果。
