Kutle Ivana, Dittrich Anne, Wirth Dagmar
Research Group Model Systems for Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Pathogens. 2023 Jul 19;12(7):953. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12070953.
More than one hundred herpesviruses have been isolated from different species so far, with nine infecting humans. Infections with herpesviruses are characterized by life-long latency and represent a significant challenge for human health. To investigate the consequences of infections and identify novel treatment options, in vivo models are of particular relevance. The mouse has emerged as an economical small animal model to investigate herpesvirus infections. However, except for herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), human herpesviruses cannot infect mice. Three natural herpesviruses have been identified in mice: mouse-derived cytomegalovirus (MCMV), mouse herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), and mouse roseolovirus (MRV). These orthologues are broadly used to investigate herpesvirus infections within the natural host. In the last few decades, immunocompromised mouse models have been developed, allowing the functional engraftment of various human cells and tissues. These xenograft mice represent valuable model systems to investigate human-restricted viruses, making them particularly relevant for herpesvirus research. In this review, we describe the various mouse models used to study human herpesviruses, thereby highlighting their potential and limitations. Emphasis is laid on xenograft mouse models, covering the development and refinement of immune-compromised mice and their application in herpesvirus research.
迄今为止，已从不同物种中分离出一百多种疱疹病毒，其中九种可感染人类。疱疹病毒感染的特征是终身潜伏，对人类健康构成重大挑战。为了研究感染的后果并确定新的治疗方案，体内模型尤为重要。小鼠已成为研究疱疹病毒感染的经济实惠的小动物模型。然而，除了单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1、HSV-2）外，人类疱疹病毒无法感染小鼠。在小鼠中已鉴定出三种天然疱疹病毒：小鼠源性巨细胞病毒（MCMV）、小鼠疱疹病毒68（MHV-68）和小鼠玫瑰疹病毒（MRV）。这些直系同源物被广泛用于研究天然宿主内的疱疹病毒感染。在过去几十年中，已开发出免疫受损小鼠模型，允许各种人类细胞和组织进行功能性植入。这些异种移植小鼠是研究人类限制性病毒的有价值的模型系统，使其在疱疹病毒研究中特别重要。在这篇综述中，我们描述了用于研究人类疱疹病毒的各种小鼠模型，从而突出它们的潜力和局限性。重点放在异种移植小鼠模型上，涵盖免疫受损小鼠的开发和改进及其在疱疹病毒研究中的应用。
