Magalhães Solange, Fernandes Catarina, Pedrosa Jorge F S, Alves Luís, Medronho Bruno, Ferreira Paulo J T, Rasteiro Maria da Graça
University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jul 24;15(14):3138. doi: 10.3390/polym15143138.
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polymer on Earth and can be obtained from several different sources, such as trees, grass, or biomass residues. However, one of the issues is that not all the fractionation processes are eco-friendly and are essentially based on cooking the lignocellulose feedstock in a harsh chemical mixture, such as NaOH + NaS, and water, to break loose fibers. In the last few years, new sustainable fractionation processes have been developed that enable the obtaining of cellulose fibers in a more eco-friendly way. As a raw material, cellulose's use is widely known and established in many areas. Additionally, its products/derivatives are recognized to have a far better environmental impact than fossil-based materials. Examples are textiles and packaging, where forest-based fibers may contribute to renewable and biodegradable substitutes for common synthetic materials and plastics. In this review, some of the main structural characteristics and properties of cellulose, recent green extraction methods/strategies, chemical modification, and applications of cellulose derivatives are discussed.
纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生聚合物，可从多种不同来源获得，如树木、草类或生物质残渣。然而，问题之一是并非所有的分馏过程都是环保的，且基本上是基于在苛性化学混合物（如NaOH + NaS）和水中蒸煮木质纤维素原料来分离纤维。在过去几年中，已开发出新型可持续分馏工艺，能够以更环保的方式获得纤维素纤维。作为一种原材料，纤维素的用途在许多领域广为人知且已确立。此外，其产品/衍生物被认为对环境的影响远优于化石基材料。例如在纺织品和包装领域，基于森林的纤维可成为常见合成材料和塑料的可再生及可生物降解替代品。在本综述中，将讨论纤维素的一些主要结构特征和性质、近期的绿色提取方法/策略、化学改性以及纤维素衍生物的应用。
