Zhang Xinyu, Zhou Zehua
Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jun 25;11(7):1143. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071143.
Elite controllers among HIV-1-infected individuals have demonstrated a stronger ability to control the viral load in their bodies. Scientists have isolated antibodies with strong neutralizing ability from these individuals, which can neutralize HIV-1 variations; these are known as broadly neutralizing antibodies. The nucleic acid of some viruses will constantly mutate during replication (such as SARS-CoV-2), which will reduce the protective ability of the corresponding vaccines. The immune escape caused by this mutation is the most severe challenge faced by humans in the battle against the virus. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum vaccines that can induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against various viruses and their mutated strains is the best way to combat virus mutations. Exploring the mechanism by which the human immune system produces broadly neutralizing antibodies and its induction strategies is crucial in the design process of broad-spectrum vaccines.
在HIV-1感染个体中，精英控制者已表现出更强的控制体内病毒载量的能力。科学家们已从这些个体中分离出具有强大中和能力的抗体，这些抗体能够中和HIV-1变异体；这些被称为广泛中和抗体。一些病毒的核酸在复制过程中会不断发生突变（如SARS-CoV-2），这会降低相应疫苗的保护能力。这种突变导致的免疫逃逸是人类在与病毒斗争中面临的最严峻挑战。因此，开发能够诱导针对各种病毒及其变异株的广泛中和抗体的广谱疫苗是对抗病毒突变的最佳方法。探索人类免疫系统产生广泛中和抗体的机制及其诱导策略在广谱疫苗的设计过程中至关重要。
