GITAM School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India E-mail:
GITAM School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India.
J Water Health. 2023 Jul;21(7):915-924. doi: 10.2166/wh.2023.047.
Groundwater dependency has increased due to several factors like population increase, industrialization, and climate change impact. Analysis of groundwater is important to know the present status and also for better management of natural resources. Groundwater samples from 41 locations were collected along the study area during the pre and post-monsoon seasons, and samples were analysed for pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations, and anions like Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO and SO. From the chemical analysis results, seawater intrusion is identified through qualitative approaches, i.e., Simson ratio (Cl/(HCO + CO) and Na/Cl ratio. Simson ratio ranges between 0.316 to 2.119 during pre-monsoon and 0.124 to 3.947 during post-monsoon, and from Na/Cl ratio, 30 samples fell under seawater intrusion during pre-monsoon and 38 samples during post-monsoon. The Simpson ratio results also show that seawater intrusion is reducing during the post-monsoon due to increasing groundwater levels caused by rains. From the water quality index classification, 4.88% of the water samples fell under excellent in both seasons, and the rest of the samples were all in the remaining four classes. The spatial analysis was also done to understand the changes in groundwater quality and seawater intrusion over space.
由于人口增长、工业化和气候变化影响等多种因素，地下水的依赖程度有所增加。分析地下水对于了解现状以及更好地管理自然资源非常重要。在旱季和雨季，沿研究区采集了 41 个地点的地下水样本，并对其 pH 值、电导率、总溶解固体 (TDS)、主要阳离子和阴离子（如 Ca、Mg、Na、K、Cl、HCO 和 SO）进行了分析。通过定性方法，即西蒙森比（Cl/(HCO + CO)和 Na/Cl 比，从化学分析结果中确定了海水入侵。旱季的西蒙森比范围在 0.316 到 2.119 之间，雨季在 0.124 到 3.947 之间，而根据 Na/Cl 比，旱季有 30 个样本属于海水入侵，雨季有 38 个样本属于海水入侵。西蒙森比的结果还表明，由于雨季降雨导致地下水位上升，海水入侵在雨季有所减少。从水质指数分类来看，两个季节都有 4.88%的水样属于优秀，其余水样则属于其余四个等级。还进行了空间分析，以了解地下水质量和海水入侵在空间上的变化。
