Fraunhofer IME, Schmallenberg, Germany.
Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Dec;79(12):4897-4905. doi: 10.1002/ps.7691. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
One of the most important sources of pesticide pollution of surface waters is runoff and erosion from agricultural fields after rainfall. This study analyses the efficacy of different risk mitigation measures to reduce pesticide runoff and erosion inputs into surface waters from arable land excluding rice fields.
Three groups of risk mitigation measures were quantitatively analyzed: vegetative filter strips, micro-dams in row crops and soil conservation measures. Their effectiveness was evaluated based on a meta-analysis of available experimental data using statistical methods such as classification and regression trees, and exploratory data analysis. Results confirmed the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips and micro-dams. Contrary to common assumption, the width of vegetative filter strips alone is not sufficient to predict their effectiveness. The effectiveness of soil conservation measures (especially mulch-tillage) varied widely. This was in part due to the heterogeneity of the available experimental data, probably resulting from the inconsistent implementation and the inadequate definitions of these measures.
Both vegetative filter strips and micro-dams are effective and suitable, and can therefore be recommended for quantitative assessment of environmental pesticide exposure in surface waters. However, the processes of infiltration and sedimentation in vegetative filter strips should be simulated with a mechanistic model like Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System, VFSMOD. The reduction effect of micro-dams can be modelled by reducing the runoff curve number, e.g., in the pesticide root zone model, PRZM. Soil conservation measures are in principle promising, but further well-documented data are needed to determine under which conditions they are effective. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
地表水污染的最重要来源之一是降雨后农业用地的径流和侵蚀。本研究分析了不同风险缓解措施的效果，以减少农田（不包括稻田）中农药径流和侵蚀对地表水的输入。
对三组风险缓解措施进行了定量分析：植被过滤带、行作物中的微坝和土壤保持措施。基于对现有实验数据的元分析，使用分类和回归树以及探索性数据分析等统计方法评估了它们的有效性。结果证实了植被过滤带和微坝的有效性。与普遍假设相反，植被过滤带的宽度本身不足以预测其有效性。土壤保持措施（特别是覆盖耕作）的有效性差异很大。这部分是由于现有实验数据的异质性，可能是由于这些措施的实施不一致和定义不充分造成的。
植被过滤带和微坝都是有效且合适的，因此可以推荐用于定量评估地表水的环境农药暴露。然而，植被过滤带中的渗透和沉淀过程应该用像植被过滤带模拟系统（VFSMOD）这样的机械模型来模拟。微坝的减少效果可以通过降低径流曲线数来模拟，例如在农药根区模型（PRZM）中。土壤保持措施原则上是有希望的，但需要进一步有文件证明的数据来确定在什么条件下它们是有效的。© 2023 作者。Pest Management Science 由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
