Fleming Daniel E, Spencer G Dave, Krutz L Jason
Mississippi Water Resources Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
Chicot Irrigation, Lake Village, Arkansas, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2025 Sep-Oct;54(5):913-924. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.70011. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
Pesticide applications may soon be regulated by laws predicated on the presupposition that reducing tillage, and thereby increasing soil surface crop residue cover, decreases sorbed and soluble agrochemical losses in surface runoff and erosion. This analysis was conducted to determine whether pesticide transport via surface runoff and erosion could be manipulated by tillage practices. Estimates of the amounts of crop residue cover within each tillage practice were averaged from data reported in the original articles. Response ratios of the paired means of runoff, erosion, and pesticide losses and concentrations from the effects of tillage practices were meta-analyzed as paired Student's t-tests using inverse-variance weighted least squares means from data reported from research experiments conducted in the United States and Canada and published between 1984 and 2006. Transitioning from conventional tillage to minimum tillage increased crop residue cover 5.4-fold while concurrently reducing runoff, sediment, and soluble and sorbed pesticide losses 26%, 64%, and 15%, respectively, despite an 11% increase in pesticide concentrations in runoff. Conversely, converting from conventional tillage to no-tillage increased crop residue cover 15.3-fold, reduced runoff 43%, and decreased sediment loss 87%, yet had no effect on pesticide losses because eliminating tillage increased pesticide concentrations in runoff 77%. Soil, environmental, time, and physiochemical factors were not included in the analysis due to lack of data. Consequently, minimizing rather than eliminating tillage may be effective at decreasing agrochemical losses in surface runoff and erosion, but more research is needed to examine the potential effects of cofactors to make recommendations to reduce pesticide runoff.
减少耕作，从而增加土壤表面作物残茬覆盖，可减少地表径流和侵蚀中吸附态和可溶性农用化学品的流失。进行这项分析是为了确定通过耕作方式是否可以控制农药通过地表径流和侵蚀的迁移。每种耕作方式下作物残茬覆盖量的估计值是根据原始文章中报告的数据进行平均得出的。使用美国和加拿大1984年至2006年间进行并发表的研究实验报告数据中的逆方差加权最小二乘均值，将耕作方式对径流、侵蚀以及农药流失和浓度的配对均值的响应比作为配对学生t检验进行荟萃分析。从传统耕作过渡到少耕，作物残茬覆盖增加了5.4倍，同时径流、沉积物以及可溶性和吸附态农药流失分别减少了26%、64%和15%，尽管径流中农药浓度增加了11%。相反，从传统耕作转变为免耕，作物残茬覆盖增加了15.3倍，径流减少了43%，沉积物流失减少了87%，但对农药流失没有影响，因为取消耕作使径流中农药浓度增加了77%。由于缺乏数据，分析未包括土壤、环境、时间和物理化学因素。因此，尽量减少而非消除耕作可能对减少地表径流和侵蚀中的农用化学品流失有效，但需要更多研究来考察辅助因素的潜在影响，以便提出减少农药径流的建议。
