印度 COVID-19 大流行期间导致儿童下呼吸道感染的呼吸道病毒的范式转变。

Paradigm shift of respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory tract infection in children during COVID-19 pandemic in India.

机构信息

Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

出版信息

J Infect Dev Ctries. 2023 Jul 27;17(7):961-970. doi: 10.3855/jidc.17727.

DOI:10.3855/jidc.17727

PMID:37515805

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are the commonest cause of mortality in children mostly attributed to respiratory viruses. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the dynamics and transmission of infections changed worldwide due to widespread public health measures. This study aimed to understand the pattern of respiratory viruses associated with ALRTIs in children pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in India.

METHODOLOGY

Respiratory samples were collected from ALRTI patients during pre-pandemic period (October 2019 to February 2020; n = 166), Delta (July 2021 to December 2021; n = 78) and Omicron wave (January 2022 to July 2022; n = 111). Samples were screened for Influenza (Inf) A pdmH1N1, InfA H3N2, InfB, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (hBoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV-2 and PIV-3) by nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs).

RESULTS

Significantly higher proportion of children with ALRTIs had virus/es isolated during pre-pandemic period than during mid-pandemic period [78.9% (131/166) vs. 52.9% (100/189); p < 0.001). RSV positivity was significantly higher (51.2%) in pre-pandemic period than 10.3% and 0.9% during the Delta and Omicron waves respectively. No significant difference in positivity rate of Inf A pdmH1N1, Inf A H3N2 and Inf B was seen. The increase in positivity of hRV (39.2% vs 42.3% vs 56.8%) and hBOV (1.2% vs 5.1% vs 9%) was documented in pre-pandemic, delta wave and omicron wave respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the frequency and pattern of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children with ALRTIs in India.

摘要

简介

急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTIs）是儿童死亡的最常见原因，主要归因于呼吸道病毒。在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，由于广泛的公共卫生措施，全球感染的动态和传播发生了变化。本研究旨在了解印度 COVID-19 大流行前后与 ALRTIs 相关的呼吸道病毒模式。

方法

在大流行前时期（2019 年 10 月至 2020 年 2 月；n = 166）、Delta 时期（2021 年 7 月至 2021 年 12 月；n = 78）和 Omicron 波期间（2022 年 1 月至 2022 年 7 月；n = 111），从 ALRTI 患者中采集呼吸道样本。通过核酸扩增技术（NAATs）对流感（Inf）A pdmH1N1、InfA H3N2、InfB、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、人偏肺病毒（hMPV）、人博卡病毒（hBoV）、人鼻病毒（hRV）和副流感病毒（PIV-2 和 PIV-3）进行筛查。

结果

与大流行中期相比，大流行前时期患有 ALRTIs 的儿童中病毒/病毒分离株的比例显著更高[78.9%（131/166）比 52.9%（100/189）；p < 0.001）。RSV 的阳性率在前流行期间显著更高（51.2%），而在 Delta 和 Omicron 波中分别为 10.3%和 0.9%。未观察到 Inf A pdmH1N1、Inf A H3N2 和 Inf B 的阳性率有显著差异。在大流行前、Delta 波和 Omicron 波中，hRV（39.2%比 42.3%比 56.8%）和 hBOV（1.2%比 5.1%比 9%）的阳性率均有所增加。