Häggendal J
Acta Physiol Scand. 1986 Aug;127(4):513-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07936.x.
Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and blood levels of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats during haemorrhage. The bleeding was performed in different ways towards complete exsanguination or into a reservoir kept at a constant pressure of 35 mmHg. Awake, unstressed rats or rats anaesthetized with different anaesthetics were examined. Four different phases in the reaction patterns were observed during bleeding. The first phase with the parameters studied expected to be at steady state, was found to be very shortlasting. Only very small blood volumes could be drawn without giving signs of interference with sympathetic activity. The second phase with signs of increased sympathetic activity, as increased HR, also was very shortlasting. Thereafter the marked third phase followed with signs of evident sympathetic inhibition, involving marked decreases in MAP, HR, and blood levels of NA. The last period, phase four, showed signs of a second period of increased sympathetic activity with increased HR and blood levels of NA (and A). On bleeding into a reservoir for 4 h signs of all four phases could be observed.
在失血性休克过程中，对斯普拉格 - 道利大鼠的平均动脉血压（MAP）、心率（HR）以及去甲肾上腺素（NA）和肾上腺素（A）的血药浓度进行了研究。通过不同方式进行出血直至完全放血或放入保持在35 mmHg恒定压力的贮血器中。对清醒、未应激的大鼠或用不同麻醉剂麻醉的大鼠进行了检查。在出血过程中观察到反应模式的四个不同阶段。研究参数预期处于稳定状态的第一阶段持续时间非常短。在不出现干扰交感神经活动迹象的情况下，只能抽取非常少量的血液。第二阶段出现交感神经活动增加的迹象，如心率加快，持续时间也很短。此后，显著的第三阶段随之而来，表现为明显的交感神经抑制迹象，包括MAP、HR和NA血药浓度显著下降。最后一个阶段，即第四阶段，显示出交感神经活动再次增加的迹象，心率和NA（以及A）血药浓度升高。向贮血器中出血4小时，可以观察到所有四个阶段的迹象。
