Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Dec;23(12):2411-2424. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2239752. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
In the British Army, ground close combat roles have opened to women, however, they must pass the newly developed, gender-neutral Role Fitness Tests for Soldiers (RFT(S)). Due to physiological differences between sexes, training that optimally prepares both sexes for military occupational demands and the RFT(S) is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a 12-week periodized strength and power programme with concurrent interval training on RFT(S) performance and determine if performance adaptations differed between sexes. 39 recruit-aged (18-35 yrs) participants, including 21 men (29 ± 1 yrs) and 18 women (27 ± 1 yrs), completed the study. Participants performed 3 training sessions per week that included strength and power resistance training followed by interval training. Pre- to post-training, improvements were observed for seated medicine ball throw (4.5%, < 0.001), casualty drag (29.8%, < 0.001), single lift (8.9%, < 0.001), water can carry (13.8%, = 0.012), repeated lift and carry (6.5%, < 0.001), 2-km load carriage (7.2%, < 0.001) and 2-km run (3.2%, = 0.021). Pre- to post-training improvements were also observed for maximal squat (27.0%, < 0.001), bench press (8.9%, < 0.001) and deadlift (24.6%, < 0.001) maximal strength, but not upper body power or aerobic capacity. No differences in RFT(S) improvements were observed between sexes, however men performed better than women in all RFT(S) and physical performance measures. Concurrent resistance and interval training improves military occupational performance in men and women; however, women may need more training than men to pass the gender-neutral RFT(S).
在英国陆军中，地面近战角色已向女性开放，但她们必须通过新制定的、性别中立的士兵角色体能测试（RFT(S)）。由于男女之间存在生理差异，因此需要进行既能最佳地为男女双方做好军事职业需求准备，又能为 RFT(S)做好准备的训练。本研究的目的是确定 12 周的周期化力量和力量训练与同时进行的间歇训练对 RFT(S)表现的效果，并确定表现适应性是否因性别而异。39 名新兵年龄（18-35 岁）参与者，包括 21 名男性（29 ± 1 岁）和 18 名女性（27 ± 1 岁）完成了研究。参与者每周进行 3 次训练，包括力量和力量阻力训练，然后进行间歇训练。从训练前到训练后，坐姿投药球（4.5%，<0.001）、伤员拖拽（29.8%，<0.001）、单次举重（8.9%，<0.001）、水罐携带（13.8%，=0.012）、重复举重和携带（6.5%，<0.001）、2 公里负重行军（7.2%，<0.001）和 2 公里跑步（3.2%，=0.021）均有改善。从训练前到训练后，深蹲（27.0%，<0.001）、卧推（8.9%，<0.001）和硬拉（24.6%，<0.001）最大力量也有所提高，但上半身力量或有氧能力没有提高。在 RFT(S)的提高方面，男女之间没有差异，但在所有 RFT(S)和身体表现测量中，男性的表现都优于女性。同时进行的阻力和间歇训练可提高男性和女性的军事职业表现；然而，女性可能需要比男性更多的训练才能通过性别中立的 RFT(S)。
