Neuromuscular Research Lab/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK.
Physiol Rep. 2024 May;12(9):e16016. doi: 10.14814/phy2.16016.
Concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training (CET) has well-studied benefits; however, inherent hormonal and genetic differences alter adaptive responses to exercise between sexes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are factors that contribute to adaptive signaling. Our purpose was to test if EV characteristics differ between men and women following CET. 18 young healthy participants underwent 12-weeks of CET. Prior to and following CET, subjects performed an acute bout of heavy resistance exercise (AHRET) consisting of 6 × 10 back squats at 75% 1RM. At rest and following AHRET, EVs were isolated from plasma and characteristics and miRNA contents were analyzed. AHRET elevated EV abundance in trained men only (+51%) and AHRET-induced changes were observed for muscle-derived EVs and microvesicles. There were considerable sex-specific effects of CET on EV miRNAs, highlighted by larger variation following the 12-week program in men compared to women at rest. Pathway analysis based on differentially expressed EV miRNAs predicted that AHRET and 12 weeks of CET in men positively regulates hypertrophy and growth pathways more so than in women. This report highlights sex-based differences in the EV response to resistance and concurrent exercise training and suggests that EVs may be important adaptive signaling factors altered by exercise training.
同时进行抗阻和耐力训练（CET）有很好的研究受益；然而，内在的激素和遗传差异改变了男女对运动的适应性反应。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是促进适应性信号的因素之一。我们的目的是测试 CET 后男女之间 EV 特征是否存在差异。18 名年轻健康的参与者接受了 12 周的 CET。在 CET 之前和之后，受试者进行了一次急性大阻力运动（AHRET），包括 75%1RM 的 6×10 次深蹲。在休息和 AHRET 后，从血浆中分离 EVs，并分析其特征和 miRNA 含量。只有经过训练的男性的 EV 丰度在 AHRET 后增加（增加 51%），并且观察到 AHRET 诱导的肌肉源性 EVs 和微泡发生变化。CET 对 EV miRNAs 有很大的性别特异性影响，与女性相比，男性在 12 周的静息状态下的变化更大。基于差异表达 EV miRNAs 的通路分析表明，AHRET 和 12 周的 CET 对男性的肥大和生长途径的正向调节作用比女性更明显。本报告强调了抗阻和同时运动训练中 EV 对性别差异的反应，并表明 EVs 可能是受运动训练改变的重要适应性信号因素。
