Krause Décio
Graduate Course in Logic and Metaphysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2023 Sep 18;381(2255):20220096. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0096. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
The topics of identity, individuality and indiscernibility had already entered the domain of the philosophy of physics, mainly in what respects the philosophy of quantum theories. In this paper, I present the main ideas of an underlying metaphysics that considers the basic entities of quantum physics as non-individuals, that is, as entities to which the standard theory of identity of classical logic and standard mathematics (set theory) does not apply. Two things must be emphasized: the first is that we pursue Erwin Schrödinger's ideas that the notion of identity (or ) does not apply to quantum things; the second is to follow Heinz Post's claim that the non-individuality of quantum entities 'must be introduced right at the start' and not by taking and making them pretend to be non-individuals 'by hand', say by confining them to non-rigid structures. Thus, this paper should be regarded as an attempt to justify the metaphysics of non-individuals and the logical systems that cope with them, although these systems are here only referred to. We also answer some criticisms that have been directed to such a view. The paper is directed to an audience of both physicists interested in foundations and philosophers of physics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
同一性、个体性和不可分辨性等主题已经进入了物理哲学领域，主要涉及量子理论的哲学方面。在本文中，我阐述了一种基础形而上学的主要观点，该观点将量子物理的基本实体视为非个体，即经典逻辑和标准数学（集合论）的标准同一性理论并不适用于这些实体。必须强调两点：第一，我们追随埃尔温·薛定谔的观点，即同一性概念不适用于量子事物；第二，遵循海因茨·波斯特的主张，量子实体的非个体性“必须从一开始就引入”，而不是通过选取并“人为地”使其假装为非个体，比如将它们限制在非刚性结构中。因此，本文应被视为为非个体的形而上学以及处理它们的逻辑系统进行辩护的一种尝试，尽管这里仅提及了这些系统。我们还回应了针对这种观点的一些批评。本文面向对基础问题感兴趣的物理学家和物理哲学家群体。本文是主题为“物理与数学中的同一性、个体性和不可区分性”的一部分。
