Piccolini Matteo, Nosrati Farzam, Adesso Gerardo, Morandotti Roberto, Lo Franco Rosario
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo 90128, Italy.
INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, Canada J3X 1S2.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2023 Sep 18;381(2255):20220104. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0104. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Identical quantum subsystems can possess a property which does not have any classical counterpart: indistinguishability. As a long-debated phenomenon, identical particles' indistinguishability has been shown to be at the heart of various fundamental physical results. When concerned with the spatial degree of freedom, identical constituents can be made indistinguishable by overlapping their spatial wave functions via appropriately defined . By the laws of quantum mechanics, any measurement designed to resolve a quantity which depends on the spatial degree of freedom only and performed on the regions of overlap is not able to assign the measured outcome to one specific particle within the system. The result is an entangled state where the measured property is between the identical constituents. In this work, we present a coherent formalization of the concept of deformation in a general [Formula: see text]-particle scenario, together with a suitable measure of the degree of indistinguishability. We highlight the basic differences with non-identical particles scenarios and discuss the inherent role of spatial deformations as entanglement activators within the operational framework. This article is part of the theme issue 'Identity, individuality and indistinguishability in physics and mathematics'.
不可区分性。作为一个长期争论的现象，全同粒子的不可区分性已被证明是各种基本物理结果的核心。当涉及空间自由度时，通过适当定义使全同成分的空间波函数重叠，可使它们变得不可区分。根据量子力学定律，任何旨在解析仅取决于空间自由度的量并在重叠区域进行的测量，都无法将测量结果归因于系统内的一个特定粒子。结果是一种纠缠态，其中测量的属性在全同成分之间。在这项工作中，我们给出了一般[公式：见正文]粒子情形下变形概念的连贯形式化表述，以及一种合适的不可区分程度度量。我们强调了与非全同粒子情形的基本差异，并讨论了空间变形在操作框架内作为纠缠激活剂的内在作用。本文是主题为“物理和数学中的同一性、个体性和不可区分性”的一部分。
