Department of Environmental Science; Kristianstad University; SE-29188; Kristianstad; Sweden.
Zootaxa. 2023 Jun 12;5301(3):301-335. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.1.
North Sweden ('Norrland' in Swedish) covers 243 000 km2 and lies mainly in the boreal biome. The herpetofauna comprises five amphibian and four reptile species: Lissotriton vulgaris, Triturus cristatus, Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria, Rana arvalis, Zootoca vivipara, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix, and Vipera berus. Successful conservation and management of amphibians and reptiles depend on accurate information about distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance. Such knowledge is also essential as a benchmark to assess changes in distribution and abundance that may come about as a result of climate change and human habitat alteration. This paper aims to present accurate distribution maps, describe habitat affinities, and provide abundance estimates for the herpetofauna of North Sweden for the period 1970-2022. Distribution data are presented by traditional faunistic provinces, as well as by biotic regions and alpine life zones. Separate sections address post-glacial colonization and a herpetological perspective on anthropogenic changes in relation to species´ present status. Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria, Rana arvalis, Zootoca vivipara, and Vipera berus are widely distributed throughout the boreal sub-regions. Rana temporaria, Zootoca vivipara, and Vipera berus also extend into the alpine region. Triturus cristatus, Anguis fragilis, and Natrix natrix occur mainly in the coastal parts of the Southern Boreal region. There are no signs of recent changes in distribution range, but Lissotriton vulgaris, Triturus cristatus, and Rana arvalis have been largely overlooked in the past and have a much wider occurrence than previously recognized. Most species are found in habitats usually not described in all-European field guides. Nearly all anurans hibernate in water. Abundance estimates suggest that some species are more common in the boreal than thought, supporting the notion that a large share of their total European population occurs there. Although local extinctions and declines are known, there are no signs of widespread population decline for any species during the study period.
瑞典北部（瑞典语称“Norrland”）面积达 24.3 万平方公里，主要位于北方针叶林生物群区。其两栖动物和爬行动物包括 5 种两栖动物和 4 种爬行动物：欧螈、欧螈、牛蛙、赤蛙、欧林蛙、蝾螈、脆蛇蜥、水蛇和蝰蛇。两栖动物和爬行动物的成功保护和管理取决于关于分布、生境亲和性和丰度的准确信息。这些知识也是评估因气候变化和人类生境改变而可能导致的分布和丰度变化的基准所必需的。本文旨在为瑞典北部的两栖爬行动物提供准确的分布图、描述生境亲和性，并提供 1970-2022 年期间的丰度估计。分布数据通过传统的动物地理区系以及生物区系和高山生命带呈现。单独的章节探讨了后冰川时代的殖民化以及人类活动变化对物种现状的影响。牛蛙、赤蛙、欧林蛙、蝾螈和蝰蛇广泛分布于北方针叶林亚区。赤蛙、蝾螈和蝰蛇也延伸到高山地区。欧螈、脆蛇蜥和水蛇主要分布在南方北方区的沿海地区。目前没有分布范围最近发生变化的迹象，但欧螈、欧螈和欧林蛙在过去被大大忽视，其分布范围比以前认为的要广泛得多。大多数物种生活在通常不在全欧野外指南中描述的栖息地中。几乎所有的无尾两栖类动物都在水中冬眠。丰度估计表明，一些物种在北方比想象的更为常见，这支持了其总欧洲种群的很大一部分发生在北方的观点。尽管已知存在局部灭绝和减少，但在研究期间，没有任何一种物种的种群广泛减少的迹象。
