Chahar Kanak, Sharma Yash, Patel Preeti, Asati Vivek, Das Kurmi Balak
Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
Curr Drug Metab. 2023;24(6):406-421. doi: 10.2174/1389200224666230731093319.
One of the key factors contributing to mortality and morbidity globally is infectious ailments. According to recent statistics from WHO, amplified antimicrobial resistance occurrence among bacteria signifies the utmost threat to global public health. Bacteria have developed various strategies to resist antimicrobials, including enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, drug efflux, modifications of the antibiotic molecule or chemical alteration of the antibiotic, limited drug uptake, etc. Furthermore, the inefficiency of antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacteria due to low solubility, instability, and associated side effects augments challenges to combat these resistant pathogens. This has attracted the attention of researchers to create nano-delivery and targeting techniques. This review presents an overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), its various subtypes, as well as mechanisms involved in AMR. This review also describes current strategies and applications of various nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles.
全球范围内导致死亡和发病的关键因素之一是传染病。根据世界卫生组织的最新统计数据，细菌中抗菌药物耐药性的增加对全球公共卫生构成了最大威胁。细菌已经形成了多种抵抗抗菌药物的策略，包括抗生素的酶失活、药物外排、抗生素分子修饰或抗生素的化学改变、药物摄取受限等。此外，抗菌药物由于溶解度低、稳定性差以及相关副作用而对抗耐药细菌无效，这增加了对抗这些耐药病原体的挑战。这引起了研究人员对创建纳米递送和靶向技术的关注。本综述概述了抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）、其各种亚型以及AMR所涉及的机制。本综述还描述了各种纳米载体的当前策略和应用，包括纳米颗粒、脂质体、脂质基纳米颗粒、胶束和聚合物纳米颗粒。
