Shah Shailvi, Patel Riya, Patel Gayatri
Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Anand, 388421, India.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2025;19(2):205-215. doi: 10.2174/1872210517666230731102130.
The distinct anatomy and physiology of the eye represent it as a specialized organ. The noumenal physiological barriers, whose prominent role is to prevent the entrance of extracellular substances, reduce the bioavailability of medicines taken locally. Nanocarriers offer many advantages, such as site-specific drug delivery, reduced dose-related side effects, more drug loading capacity, etc. Nanoparticles, nano micelles, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions, etc., have all undergone significant analysis to overcome numerous static and dynamic obstacles.
Among the several methods of delivering drugs, one of the most captivating and demanding is ocular drug delivery (ODD). The intent of developing formulations for an extended period can be partially achieved via thermoresponsive hydrogels. It is feasible to store fluids inside a cross-linked gel system for efficient long-term administration owing to hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymeric networks with excellent three-dimensional structures and water or biological fluid absorption capacities. Hydrogels can be incorporated into nanocarriers to achieve site-specific action and prolonged release.
Related patents and research reports with various platforms like Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar, Shodhganga, and Patseer were used to gather the data, and a search methodology was availed.
The paper thoroughly summarizes the strategies for incorporating drugs with hydrogel into a nanocarrier to provide sustained release and prolonged therapeutic effects. According to the comprehensive review of literature and patents like (US2015374633A1), (US10980882B2), and (WO2011018800A2), nanocarrier-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogels show promising results.
Due to their propensity to alter state in reaction to temperature changes, thermoresponsive hydrogels can improve medication bioavailability. Intervening nanocarriers loaded hydrogels directly on the targeted site displays local intervention and site-specificity. Thus, the use of nanocarriers in ocular drug delivery is encouraging.
眼睛独特的解剖结构和生理机能使其成为一个特殊的器官。本体生理屏障主要作用是阻止细胞外物质进入，降低局部用药的生物利用度。纳米载体具有诸多优势，如药物的靶向递送、减少剂量相关副作用、更大的载药能力等。纳米颗粒、纳米胶束、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）、固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、微球、微乳等，都经过了大量分析以克服众多静态和动态障碍。
在多种给药方法中，眼用药物递送（ODD）是最具吸引力且备受关注的方法之一。通过热响应水凝胶可部分实现长期开发制剂的目的。水凝胶是具有优良三维结构和水或生物流体吸收能力的亲水性聚合物网络，将流体储存在交联凝胶系统内以实现高效长期给药是可行的。水凝胶可与纳米载体结合以实现靶向作用和延长释放。
利用Science Direct、Springer、PubMed、Google Scholar、Shodhganga和Patseer等不同平台的相关专利和研究报告收集数据，并采用了检索方法。
本文全面总结了将水凝胶与药物结合到纳米载体中以实现缓释和延长治疗效果的策略。根据对（US2015374633A1）、（US10980882B2）和（WO2011018800A2）等文献和专利的综合综述，载有纳米载体的热响应水凝胶显示出有前景的结果。
由于热响应水凝胶在温度变化时会改变状态，因此可提高药物生物利用度。将载有纳米载体的水凝胶直接作用于靶点可实现局部干预和靶向性。因此，纳米载体在眼用药物递送中的应用前景广阔。
