Conzatti Anna, Kershaw Tristan, Copping Alexander, Coley David
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bat, UK.
J Int Humanit Action. 2022;7(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s41018-022-00123-0. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
There are currently millions of displaced people encamped in low-quality shelters that jeopardise the health of these displaced populations. These shelters, which exhibit poor thermal regulation and air quality, are often inhabited by households for several years. Recently, the internal environment of shelters has been recognised as a determinant of the health of the occupants and the indoor air quality (IAQ) and internal temperatures have been identified as critical factors affecting occupants' health. Attempts by researchers and private companies to develop healthier shelter solutions have mainly prioritised factors such as rapid deployment, transportability and sustainability. Via a systematic bibliometric analysis of the existing literature, this review examines the impact of shelters' internal environment on occupant health. Self-reports and building simulation are the most common methodologies reported in the literature, but there is a disconnect between the reported shelter issues and their impact on health. This is likely due to the multifaceted and site-specific factors analysed. Indoor air quality, thermal comfort and overcrowding are the most commonly identified shelter issues, which are strongly related to the presence of infectious and airborne diseases. An analysis of the available literature indicates that there is still a lack of clear guidance linking shelter quality to health. Moreover, evidence of the impact of shelters on health is harder to find, and there is a gap regarding the metrics and the methodology used to evaluate shelter quality. Therefore, further research is necessary to provide evidence of the impact of shelter design on health through transdisciplinary approaches.
目前，数以百万计的流离失所者居住在质量低下的庇护所中，这些庇护所危及这些流离失所人群的健康。这些庇护所的热调节和空气质量较差，许多家庭常常在里面居住数年。最近，庇护所的内部环境已被视为居住者健康的一个决定因素，室内空气质量（IAQ）和内部温度已被确定为影响居住者健康的关键因素。研究人员和私营公司试图开发更健康的庇护所解决方案，主要优先考虑快速部署、可运输性和可持续性等因素。通过对现有文献进行系统的文献计量分析，本综述考察了庇护所内部环境对居住者健康的影响。自我报告和建筑模拟是文献中报道最常见的方法，但所报告的庇护所问题与其对健康的影响之间存在脱节。这可能是由于所分析的多方面和特定地点的因素。室内空气质量、热舒适度和过度拥挤是最常被确定的庇护所问题，这些问题与传染病和空气传播疾病的存在密切相关。对现有文献的分析表明，仍然缺乏将庇护所质量与健康联系起来的明确指导。此外，关于庇护所对健康影响的证据更难找到，并且在用于评估庇护所质量的指标和方法方面存在差距。因此，有必要通过跨学科方法进行进一步研究，以提供庇护所设计对健康影响的证据。
