Polak Iwona, Stryiński Robert, Majewska Marta, Łopieńska-Biernat Elżbieta
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Front Mol Biosci. 2023 Jul 13;10:1233586. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1233586. eCollection 2023.
are parasitic nematodes that cause anisakiasis. The possibility of infection with this parasite is through consumption of raw or undercooked fish products. infections are often misdiagnosed, especially in subclinical cases that do not present with typical symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema, and gastrointestinal allergy. The resulting allergic reactions range from rapid-onset and potentially fatal anaphylactic reactions to chronic, debilitating conditions. While there have been numerous published studies on the genomes and proteomes of , less attention has been paid to the metabolomes. Metabolomics is concerned with the composition of metabolites in biological systems. Dynamic responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli are particularly well suited for the study of holistic metabolic responses. In addition, metabolomics can be used to determine metabolic activity at different stages of development or during growth. In this study, we reveal for the first time the metabolomes of infectious stages (L3 and L4) of using untargeted metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the negative ionization mode (ESI-), we identified 172 different compounds, whereas in the positive ionization mode (ESI+), 186 metabolites were found. Statistical analysis showed that 60 metabolites were found in the ESI- mode with different concentration in each group, of which 21 were more enriched in the L3 larvae and 39 in the L4 stage of . Comparison of the individual developmental stages in the ESI + mode also revealed a total of 60 differential metabolites, but 32 metabolites were more enriched in the L3 stage larvae, and 28 metabolites were more concentrated in the L4 stage. The metabolomics study revealed that the developmental stages of differed in a number of metabolic pathways, including nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. In addition, molecules responsible for successful migration within their host, such as pyridoxine and prostaglandins (E1, E2, F1a) were present in the L4 stage. In contrast, metabolic pathways for amino acids, starch, and sucrose were mainly activated in the L3 stage. Our results provide new insights into the comparative metabolome profiles of two different developmental stages of .
是引起异尖线虫病的寄生线虫。感染这种寄生虫的可能性在于食用生的或未煮熟的鱼类产品。感染常常被误诊，尤其是在没有出现荨麻疹、血管性水肿和胃肠道过敏等典型症状的亚临床病例中。由此产生的过敏反应范围从迅速发作且可能致命的过敏反应到慢性衰弱性疾病。虽然已经有许多关于其基因组和蛋白质组的已发表研究，但对代谢组的关注较少。代谢组学关注生物系统中代谢物的组成。对内源和外源刺激的动态反应特别适合用于研究整体代谢反应。此外，代谢组学可用于确定发育不同阶段或生长过程中的代谢活性。在本研究中，我们首次通过超高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法揭示了其感染阶段（L3和L4）的代谢组。在负离子模式（ESI - ）下，我们鉴定出172种不同的化合物，而在正离子模式（ESI + ）下，发现了186种代谢物。统计分析表明，在ESI - 模式下每组中有60种代谢物浓度不同，其中21种在L3幼虫中更富集，39种在其L4阶段更富集。在ESI + 模式下对各个发育阶段的比较也揭示了总共60种差异代谢物，但32种代谢物在L3阶段幼虫中更富集，28种代谢物在L4阶段更集中。代谢组学研究表明，其发育阶段在许多代谢途径上存在差异，包括烟酸和烟酰胺代谢。此外，负责在宿主体内成功迁移的分子，如吡哆醇和前列腺素（E1、E2、F1a）在L4阶段存在。相比之下，氨基酸、淀粉和蔗糖的代谢途径主要在L3阶段被激活。我们的结果为其两个不同发育阶段的比较代谢组谱提供了新的见解。
