Suzuki Jun, Murata Rie, Kodo Yukihiro
Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
Food Saf (Tokyo). 2021 Dec 7;9(4):89-100. doi: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00004. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Anisakiasis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by infection with anisakid nematodes. larvae have been listed as distinct food poisoning agents in the manual of Food Poisoning Statistics, Japan since 2013. The reported numbers of food poisoning cases caused by larvae are gradually increasing. A total of 94.0% of the causative larvae species were identified as sensu stricto (), and 4.4% were identified as , among human-isolated anisakid nematodes examined in Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan from 2011 to 2018. species infecting fishes in Japanese waters differ depending on their habitat and depth. mainly infects fishes in the Pacific side of Japan, and mainly infects fishes in the East China Sea and Sea of Japan sides. Regarding the causative foods of anisakiasis, cases by ingestion of mackerel ( spp.) have been the most common in Japan, and cases caused by eating "marinated mackerel" accounted for 32.8% of the total in Tokyo from 2011 to 2017. However, the number of reports of food poisoning caused by skipjack tuna () was highest in May 2018 in Japan. A parasitological surveys of third-stage larvae in skipjack tuna in Japanese waters were conducted in 2018 and 2019, and it was confirmed that more infections of skipjack tuna may have occurred in 2018 than usual due to the meandering flow of the Black Current. Moreover, a portion of larvae migrated from visceral organs to the ventral muscle in live skipjack tuna before capture, suggesting that an extensive cold chain after capture cannot prevent anisakiasis. In fish species that were reported to be high frequency of causative food of anisakiasis, it is necessary to freeze or at least remove the ventral muscle.
异尖线虫病是一种由感染异尖线虫引起的胃肠道疾病。自2013年以来，异尖线虫幼虫在日本《食物中毒统计手册》中被列为独特的食物中毒病原体。报告的由异尖线虫幼虫引起的食物中毒病例数量正在逐渐增加。在日本东京都公共卫生研究所2011年至2018年检查的人类分离的异尖线虫中，总共94.0%的致病幼虫种类被鉴定为狭义异尖线虫（Anisakis simplex sensu stricto），4.4%被鉴定为拟态异尖线虫（Anisakis pegreffii）。感染日本海域鱼类的异尖线虫种类因其栖息地和深度而异。狭义异尖线虫主要感染日本太平洋一侧的鱼类，拟态异尖线虫主要感染东海和日本海一侧的鱼类。关于异尖线虫病的致病食物，在日本，因食用鲭鱼（Scomber spp.）导致的病例最为常见，2011年至2017年在东京，因食用“腌鲭鱼”导致的病例占总数的32.8%。然而，2018年5月，日本因鲣鱼（Katsuwonus pelamis）导致的食物中毒报告数量最高。2018年和2019年对日本海域鲣鱼体内的第三期幼虫进行了寄生虫学调查，证实由于黑潮的蜿蜒流动，2018年鲣鱼感染异尖线虫的情况可能比往常更多。此外，一部分异尖线虫幼虫在捕获前从活鲣鱼的内脏器官迁移到腹部肌肉，这表明捕获后广泛的冷链并不能预防异尖线虫病。在被报告为异尖线虫病致病食物高频率的鱼类品种中，有必要进行冷冻或至少去除腹部肌肉。
