Chellappan Dinesh Kumar, Chellian Jestin, Rahmah Nur Suraiza Nabila, Gan Wee Jin, Banerjee Priyanka, Sanyal Saptarshi, Banerjee Pradipta, Ghosh Nandini, Guith Tanner, Das Amitava, Gupta Gaurav, Singh Sachin Kumar, Dua Kamal, Kunnath Anil Philip, Norhashim Nur Azeyanti, Ong Kuan Hung, Palaniveloo Kishneth
Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023 Jul 25;16:2187-2223. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S390741. eCollection 2023.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder recognized as a major health problem globally. A defective insulin activity contributes to the prevalence and expansion of DM. Treatment of DM is often hampered by limited options of conventional therapies and adverse effects associated with existing procedures. This has led to a spike in the exploration for potential therapeutic agents from various natural resources for clinical applications. The marine environment is a huge store of unexplored diversity of chemicals produced by a multitude of organisms. To date, marine microorganisms, microalgae, macroalgae, corals, sponges, and fishes have been evaluated for their anti-diabetic properties. The structural diversity of bioactive metabolites discovered has shown promising hypoglycaemic potential through in vitro and in vivo screenings via various mechanisms of action, such as PTP1B, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and aldose reductase inhibition as well as PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonists activities. On the other hand, hypoglycaemic effect is also shown to be exerted through the balance of antioxidants and free radicals. This review highlights marine-derived chemicals with hypoglycaemic effects and their respective mechanisms of action in the management of DM in humans.
糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性代谢紊乱疾病，被公认为是全球主要的健康问题。胰岛素活性缺陷导致了糖尿病的流行和发展。传统疗法选择有限以及现有治疗方法存在不良反应，常常阻碍了糖尿病的治疗。这促使人们对来自各种自然资源的潜在治疗药物进行探索，以用于临床应用。海洋环境蕴藏着大量未被探索的、由众多生物产生的化学物质。迄今为止，已对海洋微生物、微藻、大型海藻、珊瑚、海绵和鱼类的抗糖尿病特性进行了评估。通过体外和体内筛选，发现的生物活性代谢物的结构多样性通过多种作用机制显示出有前景的降血糖潜力，如抑制蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B（PTP1B）、α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和醛糖还原酶，以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α/γ双重激动剂活性。另一方面，降血糖作用也通过抗氧化剂和自由基的平衡来实现。本综述重点介绍了具有降血糖作用的海洋来源化学物质及其在人类糖尿病管理中的各自作用机制。
