State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Jinzhu Str.130, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, China.
Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jinzhu Str.130, Chengguan District, Lhasa, 850000, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Nov;45(11):8015-8030. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01706-5. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
Dietary intake of toxic elements (TEs) and essential trace elements (ETEs) can significantly impact human health. This study collected 302 samples, including 78 food, 104 drinking water, 73 cultivated topsoil, and 47 sedimentary rock from a typical area of Tethys-Himalaya tectonic domain. These samples were used to calculate the average daily dose of oral intake (ADD) and assess the health risks of five TEs and five ETEs. The results indicate that grain and meat are the primary dietary sources of TEs and ETEs for local residents. The intake of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) is mainly from local highland barley (66.90% and 60.32%, respectively), iron (Fe) is primarily from local grains (75.51%), and zinc (Zn) is mainly from local yak meat (60.03%). The ADD of arsenic (As), Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be higher than the maximum oral reference dose in all townships of study area, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks for local residents. Additionally, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in 36.36% townships, and Cu in 81.82% townships were above the maximum oral reference dose, while As posed a carcinogenic risk throughout the study area. The concentrations of As, mercury (Hg), Pb, Mn, Cu Fe and selenium (Se) in grains were significantly correlated with those in soils. Moreover, the average concentrations of As in Proterozoic, Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous was 43.09, 12.41, 15.86 and 6.22 times higher than those in the South Tibet shell, respectively. The high concentrations of TEs and ETEs in the stratum can lead to their enrichment in soils, which, in turn, can result in excessive intake by local residents through the food chain and biogeochemical cycles . To avoid the occurrence of some diseases caused by dietary intake, it is necessary to consume a variety of exotic foods, such as high-selenium foods, foreign rice and flour in order to improve the dietary structure.
饮食中有毒元素（TEs）和必需微量元素（ETEs）的摄入会对人类健康产生重大影响。本研究从特提斯喜马拉雅构造域的典型地区采集了 302 个样本，包括 78 个食物样本、104 个饮用水样本、73 个耕种表土样本和 47 个沉积岩样本。这些样本用于计算当地居民的经口摄入平均日剂量（ADD），并评估五种 TEs 和五种 ETEs 的健康风险。结果表明，粮食和肉类是当地居民摄入 TEs 和 ETEs 的主要食物来源。当地居民摄入的锰（Mn）和铜（Cu）主要来自当地的青稞（分别为 66.90%和 60.32%），铁（Fe）主要来自当地的谷物（75.51%），锌（Zn）主要来自当地的牦牛肉（60.03%）。研究区所有乡镇的砷（As）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）的 ADD 均高于最大经口参考剂量，表明当地居民存在非致癌健康风险。此外，36.36%的乡镇的铅（Pb）和镍（Ni），81.82%的乡镇的铜（Cu）超过了最大经口参考剂量，而整个研究区的砷（As）都存在致癌风险。谷物中砷（As）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）和硒（Se）的浓度与土壤中的浓度显著相关。此外，元古代、三叠纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪的砷（As）平均浓度分别比南喜马拉雅壳高出 43.09、12.41、15.86 和 6.22 倍。地层中 TEs 和 ETEs 的高浓度会导致其在土壤中富集，进而通过食物链和生物地球化学循环使当地居民摄入过量。为了避免因饮食摄入而引发某些疾病，有必要食用各种外来食物，如高硒食物、外国大米和面粉，以改善饮食结构。
