Department of Radiology, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Vitacura 5951, 2º Piso. Imágenes, Vitacura, Región Metropolitana, 7650568, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Radiology, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
J Ultrasound. 2023 Dec;26(4):845-850. doi: 10.1007/s40477-023-00806-3. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a rare, benign, inflammatory, self-limited, granulomatous dermatosis that affects children and young adults. The most frequent clinical form is localized GA. Deep GA generally presents as painless palpable subcutaneous nodules in the lower extremities, buttocks, hands and scalp. They may have a fast-growing firm subcutaneous mass presentation, mimicking a malignant lesion which requires an imaging evaluation. Diagnosis of deep GA can be more difficult and imaging evaluation is frequently performed, ultrasound being one of the techniques used.
To describe the US characteristics of GA in a pediatric series.
Descriptive, retrospective, 14-year study of all pediatrics GA cases.
Twelve pediatric cases with GA. 66% females. The lesions were mainly distributed in the extremities: 50% in the lower extremities and 42% in the upper extremities, mostly with multiple lesions. A total of 45 lesions were analyzed, 8 superficial lesions and 37 deep lesions. On ultrasound, the superficial GA corresponded to hypoechoic poorly defined solid plaque like or nodular lesions, located in the dermal-epidermal plane. The deep GA presented as solid nodular, poorly defined hypoechoic lesions that compromised the deep subcutaneous-aponeurotic plane.
GA is an inflammatory lesion that presents as a superficial or deep palpable nodule that predominantly affects children. Superficial and deep GA present characteristic findings on US that can guide the diagnosis. The radiologist needs to know its US appearance to be able to suggest the diagnosis, especially in multiples lesions.
环状肉芽肿（GA）是一种罕见的良性、炎症性、自限性的肉芽肿性皮肤病，影响儿童和青年。最常见的临床形式是局限性 GA。深部 GA 通常表现为无痛可触及的皮下结节，位于下肢、臀部、手和头皮。它们可能表现为快速生长的坚实皮下肿块，类似于恶性病变，需要进行影像学评估。深部 GA 的诊断可能较为困难，通常需要进行影像学评估，超声是其中一种使用的技术。
描述儿科系列中 GA 的超声特征。
对所有儿科 GA 病例进行了 14 年的描述性、回顾性研究。
共 12 例儿科 GA 病例，女性占 66%。病变主要分布于四肢：下肢占 50%，上肢占 42%，多为多发。共分析了 45 个病变，其中 8 个为浅表病变，37 个为深部病变。超声检查时，浅表 GA 对应于低回声、边界不清的实性斑块样或结节样病变，位于真皮-表皮平面。深部 GA 表现为实性、边界不清的低回声结节，累及深皮下-腱膜平面。
GA 是一种炎症性病变，表现为浅表或深部可触及的结节，主要影响儿童。浅表和深部 GA 在超声上具有特征性表现，有助于诊断。放射科医生需要了解其超声表现，以便能够提示诊断，尤其是在多发性病变中。
