Dermatology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Cutaneous Ultrasound Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain.
J Ultrasound. 2022 Jun;25(2):289-295. doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00532-0. Epub 2021 Jan 16.
Diagnosis of granuloma annulare (GA) is based on the clinical and histopathological findings. However, only sporadic case reports of subcutaneous GA sonography have been published to date. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic patterns of the different clinical variants of GA: localized, generalized, subcutaneous, and perforating.
In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed and correlated the clinical, histopathological, and sonographic features of 15 patients diagnosed with GA.
We included 8 women and 7 men with a mean age of 48.4 years (8-77 years). We found three different sonographic patterns depending on the clinical variant of GA: poorly defined hypoechoic band including the dermis (dermal pattern), irregularly shaped hypoechoic hypodermal lumps (hypodermal pattern), and ill-defined hypoechoic dermal and subcutaneous lesions (mixed pattern). Five cases showed increased blood flow signal on Doppler interrogation.
Although our findings are broadly consistent with the previous reports of subcutaneous GA, the sonographic features in localized, generalized, and perforating GA have not been previously reported.
环状肉芽肿（GA）的诊断基于临床和组织病理学发现。然而，迄今为止，仅发表了少数关于皮下 GA 超声的病例报告。本研究的目的是评估不同临床变异型 GA 的超声模式：局限性、全身性、皮下型和穿凿性。
在这项回顾性观察研究中，我们分析和关联了 15 例诊断为 GA 的患者的临床、组织病理学和超声特征。
我们纳入了 8 名女性和 7 名男性，平均年龄为 48.4 岁（8-77 岁）。根据 GA 的临床变异型，我们发现了三种不同的超声模式：包括真皮的界限不清的低回声带（真皮模式）、不规则形状的低回声皮下肿块（皮下模式）和界限不清的低回声真皮和皮下病变（混合模式）。5 例在多普勒检查时显示血流信号增加。
尽管我们的发现与先前关于皮下 GA 的报告基本一致，但局限性、全身性和穿凿性 GA 的超声特征以前尚未报道过。
