Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia- Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Acta Med Indones. 2023 Apr;55(2):180-186.
People living in malaria endemic areas are at risk of suffering from the recurrent malaria episodes. The recurrent episode of malaria can be determined by various factors and will bring some serious impacts on all life aspects. This study aims to identify malaria demographics and factors associated with the recurrent episodes of malaria in Timika, Papua.
This observational study used medical record data from the Naena Muktipura Sub-District Health Center, Timika Papua in 2020. Plasmodium infection was identified based upon microscopic examination. Subjects were then categorized into positive and negative malaria followed by the determination of the positivity rate. Each case of malaria was traced regarding frequency, time, and type of Plasmodium. The recurrent episodes of malaria were defined as Plasmodium infections occurred more than once in a year. Demographic data including age, sex, and ethnicity were then analyzed using Chi square.
The incidence of recurrent malaria in Timika Papua was 16% with the highest positivity rate occurred in June. The most recurrent episodes of malaria were 2 episodes (77.2%) in which men were more at risk (OR 2.512). Meanwhile, ethnicity and age were not associated with recurrent episodes. Most of recurrent episodes of malaria are caused by the similar plasmodium species, particularly Plasmodium falciparum (82.25%) with the shortest interval between episodes of 14 days.
Malaria is mostly experienced by men, of productive age and Javanese ethnicity. Men were found more at risk of experiencing recurrent episodes of malaria. The identification of these demographic factors is important to issue the policies on malaria elimination and malaria transmission termination in Timika, Papua.
生活在疟疾流行地区的人有反复发作疟疾的风险。疟疾的反复发作可由多种因素决定，并会对所有生活方面带来严重影响。本研究旨在确定米蒂卡（Papua）的疟疾人口统计学特征和与疟疾反复发作相关的因素。
本观察性研究使用了 2020 年巴布亚米蒂卡 Naena Muktipura 分区卫生中心的医疗记录数据。通过显微镜检查确定疟原虫感染。然后将研究对象分为疟原虫阳性和阴性，随后确定阳性率。对每例疟疾病例进行频率、时间和疟原虫类型的追踪。将疟疾反复发作定义为一年内发生多次疟原虫感染。使用卡方检验分析人口统计学数据，包括年龄、性别和种族。
巴布亚米蒂卡的疟疾复发率为 16%，阳性率最高的是 6 月。反复发作次数最多的是 2 次（77.2%），男性的风险更高（OR 2.512）。而种族和年龄与反复发作无关联。大多数疟疾反复发作是由相似的疟原虫引起的，特别是恶性疟原虫（82.25%），两次发作之间的间隔最短为 14 天。
疟疾主要发生在男性、生育年龄和爪哇族。男性更容易出现疟疾反复发作。确定这些人口统计学因素对于巴布亚米蒂卡的疟疾消除和疟疾传播终止政策的制定非常重要。
