Kannmann F D, Schumacher G H, Schoof S, Fanghänel J, Mildschlag H G
Anat Anz. 1986;162(1):51-7.
The unilateral dysbalance induced artificially in the mandibles of Beagles yields information regarding the action of the masticatory musculature as a local factor affecting craniofacial growth. Time is an important factor, particularly the age and maturity of the animals at the time of the operation and the length of the post-surgical interval prior to the measurements being taken. The time factor and differences between chewing types provide some explanation for the lack of uniformity and, sometimes, the contradictory nature of the available information regarding the secondary changes to the skull following the elimination of masticatory muscles in experimental animals. The cranial scoliosis observed as a result of mandibular dysbalance suggests strongly that the viscerocranium responds plastically to functional influences. The neurocranium, in contrast, whose shape is governed largely by the brain, is to great extent immune to such postnatal manipulations. The fact that growth of the residual mandibular stump is retarded shows that the condylar cartilage is not a primary growth centre. Postnatal mandibular growth is mainly periosteal and governed by functional stimuli. Any attempt to apply these results obtained with animal models to man must naturally take the differences between the structures of the maxillo-mandibular apparatuses into account.
在比格犬下颌骨中人为诱导产生的单侧失衡，能提供有关咀嚼肌作为影响颅面生长的局部因素的作用的信息。时间是一个重要因素，尤其是手术时动物的年龄和成熟度，以及在进行测量之前的术后间隔时间长度。时间因素和咀嚼类型之间的差异，为实验动物咀嚼肌消除后颅骨继发变化的现有信息缺乏一致性、有时甚至相互矛盾的性质提供了一些解释。由于下颌失衡而观察到的颅骨脊柱侧弯强烈表明，面颅骨对功能影响具有可塑性反应。相比之下，脑颅骨的形状在很大程度上由大脑决定，在很大程度上不受这种出生后操作的影响。残留下颌骨残端生长受阻这一事实表明，髁突软骨不是主要生长中心。出生后下颌骨的生长主要是骨膜性的，并受功能刺激的支配。将这些用动物模型获得的结果应用于人类的任何尝试，自然都必须考虑到上颌-下颌装置结构之间的差异。
