Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Sep;50(9):7879-7891. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08577-0. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Late blight (LB) is a serious disease that affects potato crop and is caused by Phytophthora infestans. Fungicides are commonly used to manage this disease, but this practice has led to the development of resistant strains and it also poses serious environmental and health risks. Therefore, breeding for resistance development can be the most effective strategies to control late blight. Various Solanum species have been utilized as a source of resistance genes to combat late blight disease. Several potential resistance genes and quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) have been identified and mapped through the application of molecular techniques. Furthermore, molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes or QRLs have been utilized to hasten the breeding process. However, the use of single-gene resistance can lead to the breakdown of resistance within a short period. To address this, breeding programs are now being focused on development of durable and broad-spectrum resistant cultivars by combining multiple resistant genes and QRLs using advanced molecular breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and cis-genic approaches. In addition to the strategies mentioned earlier, somatic hybridization has been utilized for the development and characterization of interspecific somatic hybrids. To further broaden the scope of late blight resistance breeding, approaches such as genomic selection, RNAi silencing, and various genome editing techniques can be employed. This study provides an overview of recent advances in various breeding strategies and their applications in improving the late blight resistance breeding program.
晚疫病（LB）是一种严重影响马铃薯作物的疾病，由致病疫霉引起。杀菌剂通常用于防治这种疾病，但这种做法导致了抗药性菌株的产生，同时也对环境和健康构成了严重威胁。因此，培育抗性品种是控制晚疫病最有效的策略。各种茄属植物已被用作抗性基因的来源，以对抗晚疫病。通过应用分子技术，已经鉴定和定位了一些潜在的抗性基因和数量抗性位点（QRLs）。此外，还利用与抗性基因或 QRLs 紧密连锁的分子标记来加速育种过程。然而，单一基因抗性的使用可能导致抗性在短时间内失效。为了解决这个问题，现在的育种计划侧重于利用先进的分子育种工具，如标记辅助选择（MAS）和顺式基因方法，结合多个抗性基因和 QRLs，来开发持久和广谱的抗性品种。除了前面提到的策略外，体细胞杂交也被用于开发和鉴定种间体细胞杂种。为了进一步扩大晚疫病抗性育种的范围，可以采用基因组选择、RNAi 沉默和各种基因组编辑技术等方法。本研究综述了各种育种策略的最新进展及其在改良晚疫病抗性育种计划中的应用。
