Department of Research, Acuity Insights, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Family Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 1;18(8):e0289420. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289420. eCollection 2023.
The study explored the impacts of patterns of language use (PLU) and socio-economic status (SES) on Casper, a constructed-response situational judgment test (SJT). 10,266 applicants from two U.S. medical schools were grouped into self-reported balanced bilinguals, unbalanced bilinguals, English monolinguals, and English as a Second Language (ESL) students. A multicomponent SES composite was used to assess the degree of socioeconomic disadvantage (DSD). Results from a hierarchical regression analysis showed that after accounting for demographic variables, both PLU and DED were significant factors on applicants' Casper performance. Bilingualism was associated with better Casper performance compared to English monolinguals and ESL students. No significant effect of speaking English as a native language was found on applicants' Casper performance. English monolinguals and ESL students performed equivalently on Casper. Finally, high DSD was associated with better Casper performance than low DSD, and the impact of DSD on Casper held the same across all four language groups. These findings provide evidence that socio-cultural factors, such as PLU and DSD have important impacts on SJT performance. Further research is needed to understand the role of differences in language construction across socio-cultural factors on constructed-response SJT performance.
这项研究探讨了语言使用模式（PLU）和社会经济地位（SES）对 Casper 的影响，Casper 是一种构造反应情景判断测试（SJT）。来自美国两所医学院的 10266 名申请人被分为自我报告的平衡双语者、不平衡双语者、英语单语者和英语作为第二语言（ESL）学生。使用多成分 SES 综合指标来评估社会经济劣势程度（DSD）。层次回归分析的结果表明，在考虑人口统计学变量后，PLU 和 DED 都是申请人 Casper 表现的重要因素。与英语单语者和 ESL 学生相比，双语者的 Casper 表现更好。以英语为母语的人在 Casper 表现上没有显著影响。英语单语者和 ESL 学生在 Casper 上的表现相当。最后，高 DSD 与 Casper 表现较好相关，而 DSD 对 Casper 的影响在所有四个语言群体中是相同的。这些发现提供了证据，表明社会文化因素，如 PLU 和 DSD，对 SJT 表现有重要影响。需要进一步研究以了解社会文化因素中语言结构差异对构造反应 SJT 表现的作用。
