Division of Ecology & Evolution, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
Syst Biol. 2024 May 27;73(1):1-11. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syad048.
The Australian continent's size and isolation make it an ideal place for studying the accumulation and evolution of biodiversity. Long separated from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, most of Australia's plants and animals are unique and endemic, including the continent's frogs. Australian frogs comprise a remarkable ecological and morphological diversity categorized into a small number of distantly related radiations. We present a phylogenomic hypothesis based on an exon-capture dataset that spans the main clades of Australian myobatrachoid, pelodryadid hyloid, and microhylid frogs. Our time-calibrated phylogenomic-scale phylogeny identifies great disparity in the relative ages of these groups that vary from Gondwanan relics to recent immigrants from Asia and include arguably the continent's oldest living vertebrate radiation. This age stratification provides insight into the colonization of, and diversification on, the Australian continent through deep time, during periods of dramatic climatic and community changes. Contemporary Australian frog diversity highlights the adaptive capacity of anurans, particularly in response to heat and aridity, and explains why they are one of the continent's most visible faunas. [Anuran; adaptive radiation; Gondwana; phylogenetics].
澳大利亚大陆的面积和与世隔绝的地理位置使其成为研究生物多样性积累和进化的理想场所。由于长期与古老的冈瓦纳大陆分离，澳大利亚的大部分动植物都是独一无二的特有种，包括该大陆的青蛙。澳大利亚的青蛙具有显著的生态和形态多样性，分为少数几个远缘辐射。我们提出了一个基于外显子捕获数据集的系统发育基因组假说，该数据集涵盖了澳大利亚雨蛙、蟾科和小鲵科的主要分支。我们的时间校准的系统发育基因组尺度系统发育树确定了这些群体相对年龄的巨大差异，从冈瓦纳古陆的遗迹到最近从亚洲移民而来的物种都有，其中包括可以说是该大陆最古老的现存脊椎动物辐射。这种年龄分层为我们深入了解澳大利亚大陆在漫长的时间里通过深时的殖民和多样化提供了线索，包括剧烈的气候变化和群落变化时期。当代澳大利亚青蛙的多样性突出了无尾目动物的适应能力，特别是对高温和干旱的适应能力，并解释了为什么它们是该大陆最具代表性的动物群之一。[无尾目；适应辐射；冈瓦纳古陆；系统发生学]。
