Tanin Mohammad Jafar, Sharma Achla, Ram Hari, Singh Satinder, Srivastava Puja, Mavi G S, Saini Dinesh Kumar, Gudi Santosh, Kumar Pradeep, Goyal Prinka, Sohu V S
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 17;14:1107705. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107705. eCollection 2023.
Grain protein content (GPC) is an important quality trait that effectively modulates end-use quality and nutritional characteristics of wheat flour-based food products. The gene is responsible for the higher protein content in wheat grain. In addition to higher GPC, the is also generally associated with reduced grain filling period which eventually causes the yield penalty in wheat. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate (PN) and salicylic acid (SA) on the physiological characteristics of a set of twelve genotypes, including nine isogenic wheat lines carrying the gene and three elite wheat varieties with no gene, grown at wheat experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Punjab, India. The PN application significantly increased the number of grains per spike (GPS) by 6.42 grains, number of days to maturity (DTM) by 1.03 days, 1000-grain weight (TGW) by 1.97 g and yield per plot (YPP) by 0.2 kg/plot. As a result of PN spray, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was significantly enhanced by 2.35 CCI at anthesis stage and by 1.96 CCI at 10 days after anthesis in all the tested genotypes. Furthermore, the PN application also significantly increased the flag leaf nitrogen content by an average of 0.52% at booting stage and by 0.35% at both anthesis and 10 days after anthesis in all the evaluated genotypes. In addition, the yellow peduncle colour at 30 days after anthesis was also increased by 19.08% while the straw nitrogen content was improved by 0.17% in all the genotypes. The preliminary experiment conducted using SA demonstrated a significant increase in DTM and other yield component traits. The DTM increased by an average of 2.31 days, GPS enhanced by approximately 3.17 grains, TGW improved by 1.13g, and YPP increased by 0.21 kg/plot. The foliar application of PN and SA had no significant effect on GPC itself. The findings of the present study suggests that applications of PN and SA can effectively mitigate the yield penalty associated with gene by extending grain filling period in the wheat.
籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC）是一项重要的品质性状，可有效调节基于小麦粉的食品的最终使用品质和营养特性。该基因导致小麦籽粒中蛋白质含量较高。除了较高的GPC外，该基因通常还与籽粒灌浆期缩短有关，这最终会导致小麦产量下降。本研究的主要目的是评估叶面喷施硝酸钾（PN）和水杨酸（SA）对一组12个基因型生理特性的影响，这组基因型包括9个携带该基因的同基因小麦品系和3个不携带该基因的优良小麦品种，种植于印度旁遮普邦PAU植物育种与遗传学系的小麦试验区。喷施PN显著使每穗粒数（GPS）增加6.42粒，成熟期天数（DTM）增加1.03天，千粒重（TGW）增加1.97克，每小区产量（YPP）增加0.2千克/小区。喷施PN的结果是，在所有测试基因型中，开花期旗叶叶绿素含量显著提高2.35叶绿素含量指数（CCI），开花后10天提高1.96 CCI。此外，喷施PN还使所有评估基因型在拔节期旗叶氮含量平均显著增加0.52%，在开花期和开花后10天均增加0.35%。此外，所有基因型在开花后30天黄颖色也增加了19.08%，秸秆氮含量提高了0.17%。使用SA进行的初步试验表明，DTM和其他产量构成性状显著增加。DTM平均增加2.31天，GPS增加约3.17粒，TGW提高1.13克，YPP增加0.21千克/小区。叶面喷施PN和SA对GPC本身没有显著影响。本研究结果表明，喷施PN和SA可通过延长小麦籽粒灌浆期有效减轻与该基因相关的产量损失。
