Endicott Molly, Thirlwell Chrissie, Webster Amy P
University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital Wonford, Exeter, UK.
Endocr Oncol. 2023 Apr 25;3(1):e220094. doi: 10.1530/EO-22-0094. eCollection 2023 Jan 1.
Diabetes and cancer are two heterogenous diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence globally. A link between these two non-communicable diseases was first identified over 100 years ago; however, recent epidemiological studies and advances in genomic research have provided greater insight into the association between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological studies have suggested that individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of several types of cancer (including liver, pancreas, colorectal, breast, and endometrial) and an increased risk of cancer mortality. However, this increased risk is not observed in all cancers, for example, there is a reduced risk of prostate cancer in individuals with diabetes. It has also been observed that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing diabetes, highlighting that the relationship between these diseases is not straightforward. Evidence of a shared genetic aetiology along with numerous lifestyle and clinical factors have made it challenging to establish if the relationship between the two diseases is causal or a result of confounding factors. This review takes a pan-cancer approach to highlight the complexities of the interactions between type 2 diabetes and cancer development, indicating where advances in genomic research have enabled a greater insight into these two diseases.
糖尿病和癌症是两种异质性疾病，在全球范围内其患病率正在迅速上升。这两种非传染性疾病之间的联系早在100多年前就已被发现；然而，最近的流行病学研究和基因组研究进展为深入了解糖尿病与癌症之间的关联提供了更多线索。流行病学研究表明，糖尿病患者患几种类型癌症（包括肝癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌）的风险增加，癌症死亡风险也增加。然而，并非所有癌症都存在这种风险增加的情况，例如，糖尿病患者患前列腺癌的风险降低。还观察到癌症患者患糖尿病的风险增加，这突出表明这些疾病之间的关系并不简单。由于存在共同的遗传病因证据以及众多生活方式和临床因素，因此很难确定这两种疾病之间的关系是因果关系还是混杂因素导致的结果。本综述采用泛癌方法来突出2型糖尿病与癌症发展之间相互作用的复杂性，指出基因组研究的进展在哪些方面使人们能够更深入地了解这两种疾病。
