Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2023 Sep;9(5):2247-2259. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1231. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Animals of different regions have adapted to adverse environmental conditions by modifying their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in the long run.
In this study, the effect of genetic variations of 10 heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP70A4, HSP70A9, HSP40C17, HSP40C27, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPB7, HSPB11, HSPD1 and HSPE1) on the three-dimensional protein structure and function of proteins in Tali goat (a tropical breed) were studied and were compared with Saanen goat (as a sensitive breed).
A pooled DNA of 15 samples from blood was sequenced and mapped to the goat reference sequence. The bioinformatics analysis was used to identify nsSNPs in the Tali breed and was compared with the Saanen goat. Four online bioinformatics tools (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant, Protein Variation Effect Analyzer, Polymorphism Phenotyping version2 and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database and Gene Ontology) showed three deleterious missense nsSNPs and seven natural missense SNPs in these HSPs genes of Tali goat.
Out of 10 reported nsSNPs, 5 nsSNPs in HSP70A4, 1 nsSNP inHSP70A9, 2 nsSNPs in HSP40C17, 1 nsSNP in HSP40C27 and 1 nsSNP in HSPD1 were detected. ConSurf tools showed that the majority of the predicted nsSNPs occur in conserved sites. Moreover, several post-translational modification (PTM) predictors computed the probability of post-translation change of nsSNPs. The putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites in HSPs proteins were substitutions rs669769139 and rs666336692 of the Tali goat breed.
These results on the effect of type of genetic variants on the function of HSP proteins will assist to predict the resistance to hard conditions in goat breeds. Considering that the identified SNPid rs669769139 (S248) which is located on the N-terminal ATPase domain of HSP70A4 is a PTM site with a highly conserved score and a natural substitution on changing the stability and benign protein that can affect the functional and structural characterization of HSPs protein for adaptation to the local climate.
不同地区的动物通过长期改变其表型和基因型特征来适应不利的环境条件。
本研究旨在探讨 10 个热休克蛋白（HSP）基因（HSP70A4、HSP70A9、HSP40C17、HSP40C27、HSP90AA1、HSP90AB1、HSPB7、HSPB11、HSPD1 和 HSPE1）的遗传变异对塔里羊（热带品种）蛋白质三维结构和功能的影响，并与萨能羊（敏感品种）进行比较。
从 15 份血液混合 DNA 中测序并映射到山羊参考序列。利用生物信息学分析方法鉴定塔里羊中的非编码单核苷酸多态性（nsSNP），并与萨能羊进行比较。四个在线生物信息学工具（Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant、Protein Variation Effect Analyzer、Polymorphism Phenotyping version2 和 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database and Gene Ontology）显示，在塔里羊的这些 HSP 基因中，有三个有害错义 nsSNP 和七个天然错义 SNP。
在所报道的 10 个 nsSNP 中，发现了 HSP70A4 中的 5 个 nsSNP、HSP70A9 中的 1 个 nsSNP、HSP40C17 中的 2 个 nsSNP、HSP40C27 中的 1 个 nsSNP 和 HSPD1 中的 1 个 nsSNP。ConSurf 工具显示，大多数预测的 nsSNP 发生在保守位点。此外，几个翻译后修饰（PTM）预测器计算了 nsSNP 翻译后变化的概率。在 HSP 蛋白中，推测的磷酸化和糖基化位点是塔里羊品种的 rs669769139 和 rs666336692。
这些关于遗传变异类型对 HSP 蛋白功能影响的结果将有助于预测山羊品种对恶劣条件的抗性。考虑到鉴定的 SNPid rs669769139（S248）位于 HSP70A4 的 N 端 ATPase 结构域，是一个 PTM 位点，其保守评分较高，天然取代会改变稳定性和良性蛋白，从而影响 HSPs 蛋白的功能和结构特征，以适应当地气候。
