Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(41):94347-94360. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29056-w. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Composting is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that turns animal waste into organic fertilizers. It remains unclear whether differences exist in the structure of microbial communities during different livestock manure composting. This study analyzed the dynamic change of bacterial and fungal communities, metabolic function, and trophic mode during chicken manure (CM) and pig manure (PM) composting based on 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Environmental factors were investigated for their impact on microbial communities. During composting, bacterial diversity decreased and then increased, while fungal diversity slightly increased and then decreased. Saccharomonospora and Aspergillus were the dominant genera and key microorganisms in CM and PM, respectively, which played crucial roles in sustaining the stability of the ecological network structure in the microbial ecology and participating in metabolism. Saccharomonospora gradually increased, while Aspergillus increased at first and then decreased. PM had better microbial community stability and more keystone taxa than CM. In CM and PM, the primary function of bacterial communities was metabolism, while saprotroph was the primary trophic mode of fungal communities. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was the primary factor influencing the structure and function of microbial communities in CM and PM. In addition to DOC, pH and moisture were important factors affecting the fungal communities in CM and PM, respectively. These results show that the succession of bacteria and fungi in CM and PM proceeded in a similar pattern, but there are still some differences in the dominant genus and their responses to environmental factors.
堆肥是一种可持续且环保的技术，可将动物粪便转化为有机肥料。目前尚不清楚在不同的牲畜粪便堆肥过程中微生物群落的结构是否存在差异。本研究基于 16S rRNA 和 ITS 测序，分析了鸡粪（CM）和猪粪（PM）堆肥过程中细菌和真菌群落的动态变化、代谢功能和营养方式。研究了环境因素对微生物群落的影响。在堆肥过程中，细菌多样性先减少后增加，真菌多样性先增加后减少。糖单孢菌属和曲霉属分别是 CM 和 PM 的优势属和关键微生物，在维持微生物生态学中生态网络结构的稳定性和参与代谢方面发挥着关键作用。糖单孢菌属逐渐增加，而曲霉属先增加后减少。PM 的微生物群落稳定性和关键类群比 CM 更好。在 CM 和 PM 中，细菌群落的主要功能是代谢，而真菌群落的主要营养方式是腐生。溶解性有机碳（DOC）是影响 CM 和 PM 微生物群落结构和功能的主要因素。除了 DOC 外，pH 和水分分别是影响 CM 和 PM 真菌群落的重要因素。这些结果表明，CM 和 PM 中细菌和真菌的演替过程相似，但在优势属及其对环境因素的响应方面仍存在一些差异。
