Du Hongbo, Lu Chongchong, Latif Muhanmad Zunair, Du Jianfeng, Liu Yong, Li Hongxin, Ding Xinhua
College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 18;16:1575397. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1575397. eCollection 2025.
Livestock and poultry manure, as a significant organic resource, had an enormous annual production but a utilization rate of less than 50%. Improperly managed manure had become the primary source of agricultural non-point pollution, posing severe challenges to the ecological environment. Achieving efficient resource utilization of livestock manure was a critical step in promoting green agricultural development. Existing research indicated that microbial activity significantly influences the transfer and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the community dynamics of human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) during pig manure composting. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study innovatively introduced two thermophilic microbial agents (TMS1 and CTMS2) into a pig manure-spent mushroom compost (SMC) aerobic composting system to systematically investigate their regulatory effects on pollutant reduction. The results showed that persistent ARGs (, , , , , , , , , and ) primarily rely on vertical gene transfer (VGT) for dissemination, whereas easily removable ARGs (, , , , and ) were regulated by both horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and VGT. Notably, the co-addition of thermophilic microbial agents and SMC reduced persistent ARGs by lg0.45-3.73, significantly decreased the abundances of HPB such as and , and reduced the enrichment of related metabolic pathways, greatly improving compost quality. In stark contrast, the control group (with only SMC and no thermophilic microbial agents) exhibited ARG proliferation. Overall, the application of thermophilic microbial agents not only extended the high temperature phase of composting by over 30% and shortened the composting cycle by 50%, but more importantly, it achieved comprehensive improvement in compost quality by selectively enriching functional microbial communities such as . This study provides a theoretical foundation and data support for the industrial application of CTMS2 in the safe production of organic fertilizers and the synergistic control of environmental risks.
畜禽粪便作为一种重要的有机资源，年产量巨大，但利用率不足50%。粪便管理不当已成为农业面源污染的主要来源，给生态环境带来严峻挑战。实现畜禽粪便的高效资源利用是促进绿色农业发展的关键一步。现有研究表明，微生物活性在猪粪堆肥过程中显著影响抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的转移和传播以及人类病原菌（HPB）的群落动态。然而，具体机制仍不清楚。本研究创新性地将两种嗜热微生物菌剂（TMS1和CTMS2）引入猪粪-菇渣好氧堆肥系统，系统研究其对污染物削减的调控作用。结果表明，持久性ARGs（、、、、、、、、和）主要通过垂直基因转移（VGT）进行传播，而易于去除的ARGs（、、、、和）则受水平基因转移（HGT）和VGT共同调控。值得注意的是，嗜热微生物菌剂与菇渣的共同添加使持久性ARGs减少了lg0.45 - 3.73，显著降低了如和等HPB的丰度，并减少了相关代谢途径的富集，极大地提高了堆肥质量。与之形成鲜明对比的是，对照组（仅含菇渣，不含嗜热微生物菌剂）出现了ARGs增殖。总体而言，嗜热微生物菌剂的应用不仅使堆肥高温阶段延长了30%以上，堆肥周期缩短了50%，更重要的是，通过选择性富集如等功能微生物群落，实现了堆肥质量的全面提升。本研究为CTMS2在有机肥安全生产及环境风险协同控制的工业化应用提供了理论基础和数据支持。
