Department of Civil Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(41):94414-94435. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28983-y. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
In this study, the trend of widely used MODIS MxD11 and MxD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) and ERA5-Land Skin Temperature (SKT) and 2 m air temperature products were validated using 2 m air temperature trends obtained by ground observations from 266 stations in 2000-2021 over Turkey, known to have complex topography. The results show that colder regions have substantially higher temporal temperature variability than warmer ones. MxD21 and MxD11 products are 4.4 °C and 2.9 °C warmer than ERA5-Land products, respectively, while ERA5-Land products (SKT and 2 m) have nearly similar averages (12.5 °C). The consistency between MODIS and ERA5-Land data is significantly lower over areas with more complex topography and irrigation activities, despite the fact that the products show a high linear relationship over the study area. While February trends are consistently much higher than other months (2.2 and 1.4 °C/decade for MODIS and ERA5-Land, respectively), overall MODIS skin temperature products (0.7 °C/decade) generally exhibit smaller trends than ERA5-Land skin and air temperature trends (0.94 °C/decade). The results suggested that MODIS and ERA5-Land trends, which are highly consistent with observations, might replace observations in the absence of long-term station-based records.
在本研究中，使用土耳其 2000 年至 2021 年期间 266 个站点的地面观测获得的 2m 空气温度趋势，验证了广泛使用的 MODIS MxD11 和 MxD21 陆面温度（LST）和 ERA5-Land 地表温度（SKT）和 2m 空气温度产品的趋势，该地区地形复杂。结果表明，较冷地区的时间温度变化明显大于较暖地区。MxD21 和 MxD11 产品分别比 ERA5-Land 产品暖 4.4°C 和 2.9°C，而 ERA5-Land 产品（SKT 和 2m）的平均值几乎相似（12.5°C）。尽管产品在研究区域表现出高度的线性关系，但 MODIS 和 ERA5-Land 数据之间的一致性在地形和灌溉活动更为复杂的地区明显较低。尽管如此，MODIS 和 ERA5-Land 趋势与观测值高度一致，可能会在缺乏长期基于站点的记录时替代观测值。
