Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Department Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Apr 20;194(5):381. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10047-2.
This study aimed to analyze the average air temperature data estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis over 10 years (01/01/2011 to 12/31/2020), based on data from 12 automatic weather stations located in different cities in the state of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil. For more careful evaluation, the average air temperature data were stratified by mesoregions of the state. ERA5-Land reanalysis data were validated using statistical indices that evaluated the accuracy. The average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis agree well with weather stations in almost the entire state of Pernambuco. The highest accuracy of the average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land occurred in the city of Ibimirim (R = 0.98), while the lowest accuracy was measured in the city of Caruaru (R = 0.57). Root-mean-square error (RMSE) generated by the ERA5-Land reanalysis was lower than 0.60 °C in most Pernambuco. The highest RMSE of ERA5-Land for average air temperature was calculated using data from the city of Caruaru (1.11 °C), whereas the lowest RMSE was obtained with data from the city of Recife (0.41 °C). According to mean bias errors, (MBE) the ERA5-Land underestimated the average air temperature data compared to automatic weather stations data, especially in Ouricuri, which had the highest underestimation (-0.80 °C). On the other hand, among the municipalities where ERA5-Land overestimated the temperature values, the highest overestimation was identified in Garanhuns (0.35 °C). Therefore, based on the results of this study, ERA5-Land reanalysis successfully estimated the average air temperature for the state of Pernambuco.
本研究旨在分析基于巴西东北部伯南布哥州 12 个不同城市的 12 个自动气象站数据，使用 ERA5-Land 再分析估算的 10 年（2011 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日）平均气温数据。为了更仔细地评估，按州的次区域对平均气温数据进行分层。使用评估准确性的统计指数对 ERA5-Land 再分析数据进行验证。ERA5-Land 再分析估算的平均气温与伯南布哥州几乎所有气象站的数据吻合良好。ERA5-Land 再分析估算的平均气温在伊比米拉姆市（R=0.98）的精度最高，而在卡鲁阿鲁市（R=0.57）的精度最低。ERA5-Land 再分析生成的均方根误差（RMSE）在大多数伯南布哥州都低于 0.60°C。卡鲁阿鲁市 ERA5-Land 再分析的平均气温 RMSE 最高（1.11°C），而累西腓市的 RMSE 最低（0.41°C）。根据平均偏差误差（MBE），ERA5-Land 再分析对平均气温数据的低估明显高于自动气象站数据，在欧里库里市的低估程度最高（-0.80°C）。另一方面，在 ERA5-Land 再分析高估温度值的城市中，伽拉纳市的高估程度最高（0.35°C）。因此，根据本研究的结果，ERA5-Land 再分析成功地估算了伯南布哥州的平均气温。
