Chen Xiaomeng, Zhao Yue, Yang Liu, Yang Yunan, Wang Liqin, Wei Zimin, Song Caihong
College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
Waste Manag. 2023 Oct 1;170:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.024. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
The application of straw biochar to chicken manure composting mitigated nitrogen loss. However, the impact of biochar derived from different types of straw on nitrogen fixation in chicken manure composting is discrepant, and the specific pathways remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the specific pathways of maize straw biochar (M) and rice straw biochar (R) to improve nitrogen fixation during chicken manure composting. The nitrogen losses in control (no addition, CK), M, and R composting were 51.84 %, 33.47 %, and 38.24 %, respectively, suggesting that adding straw biochar effectively improved nitrogen fixation. Microbial community analysis suggested that inhibiting denitrification and NH-N transformation by microorganisms was the primary means of improving nitrogen fixation. Meanwhile, biochar addition reduced the number of bacteria participating in nitrogen transformation and strengthened the NO-N and total organic nitrogen transformation processes, among which the effect of M composting was stronger. The stronger effect was attributed to the significant role of the core microorganisms in M composting in shifting the transformation processes of the nitrogen components (P < 0.05). Therefore, the function of different straw biochar was determined by its different impacts on the microbial community, highlighting the important role of microbial community variability.
将秸秆生物炭应用于鸡粪堆肥可减轻氮素损失。然而，不同类型秸秆衍生的生物炭对鸡粪堆肥中氮固定的影响存在差异，具体途径仍不明确。因此，本研究旨在阐明玉米秸秆生物炭（M）和水稻秸秆生物炭（R）在鸡粪堆肥过程中提高氮固定的具体途径。对照（不添加，CK）、M和R堆肥中的氮损失分别为51.84%、33.47%和38.24%，表明添加秸秆生物炭有效地提高了氮固定。微生物群落分析表明，抑制微生物的反硝化作用和NH-N转化是提高氮固定的主要手段。同时，添加生物炭减少了参与氮转化的细菌数量，强化了NO-N和总有机氮的转化过程，其中M堆肥的效果更强。更强的效果归因于M堆肥中核心微生物在改变氮组分转化过程中的重要作用（P < 0.05）。因此，不同秸秆生物炭的功能取决于其对微生物群落的不同影响，突出了微生物群落变异性的重要作用。
