Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 30;249:126089. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126089. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
As an important structural protein in virion morphogenesis, the matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is demonstrated to be a nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking protein and plays essential roles in viral assembly and budding. In recent years, increasing lines of evidence have indicated that the M protein has obvious influence on the pathotypes of NDV, and the interaction of M protein with cellular proteins is also closely associated with the replication and pathogenicity of NDV. Although substantial progress has been made in the past 40 years towards understanding the structure and function of NDV M protein, the available information is scattered. Therefore, this review article summarizes and updates the research progress on the structural feature, virulence and pathotype correlation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism of NDV M protein, as well as the functions of M protein and cellular protein interactions in M's intracellular localization, viral RNA synthesis and transcription, viral protein synthesis, viral immune evasion, and viral budding and release, which will provide an in-depth understanding of the biological functions of M protein in the replication and pathogenesis of NDV, and also contribute to the development of effective antiviral strategies aiming at blocking the early or late steps of NDV lifecycles.
作为病毒形态发生的重要结构蛋白，新城疫病毒（NDV）的基质（M）蛋白被证明是一种核质转运蛋白，在病毒组装和出芽中发挥重要作用。近年来，越来越多的证据表明 M 蛋白对 NDV 的毒力型有明显影响，M 蛋白与细胞蛋白的相互作用也与 NDV 的复制和致病性密切相关。尽管在过去的 40 年中，人们在理解 NDV M 蛋白的结构和功能方面取得了重大进展，但现有信息较为分散。因此，本文综述了 NDV M 蛋白的结构特征、毒力与毒力型相关性、核质转运机制，以及 M 蛋白与细胞蛋白相互作用在 M 蛋白的细胞内定位、病毒 RNA 合成和转录、病毒蛋白合成、病毒免疫逃逸和病毒出芽与释放中的功能，这将有助于深入了解 M 蛋白在 NDV 复制和发病机制中的生物学功能，并有助于开发针对阻断 NDV 生命周期早期或晚期步骤的有效抗病毒策略。
