Borowiecki Mateusz, van Deelen Tessa R D, van den Putte Bas, Kunst Anton E, Kuipers Mirte A G
Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Public Health, National Opinion Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Tob Control. 2025 Jan 2;34(1):78-84. doi: 10.1136/tc-2023-058045.
Visibility of tobacco products at retail tobacco outlets is associated with smoking initiation. To address this, across 2020-2022 the Netherlands banned tobacco product displays, advertisements and vending machines in the retail environment. Tobacco/vape specialist shops were exempted. This study assessed the impact of these policies on tobacco visibility in the retail environment and retailer compliance.
We conducted observational audits of all tobacco outlets in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Haarlem, Eindhoven and Zwolle) between 2019 and 2022 (before and after policy implementation), assessing visibility of tobacco products and advertisements, compliance and remaining sources of tobacco visibility (after implementation). We described results by location and outlet type.
The number of tobacco outlets with any tobacco advertising or product visibility declined from 530 to 267 (-50%). Among outlets not exempt from the ban, the number with visibility declined from 449 to 172 (-62%), with lower postban visibility in petrol stations (12%) and supermarkets (6%) than small shops (47%). Visibility among tobacco/vape shops increased by 17%. Tobacco product displays remained the main source of visibility. 93% of tobacco vending machines were removed. Maps showed that non-compliance is concentrated in Amsterdam's city centre and more evenly distributed in other cities.
The bans on tobacco display and tobacco advertising halved the visibility of tobacco in the retail environment, and the vending machine ban practically eradicated vending machines. To further reduce tobacco visibility, violations in small shops should be addressed and tobacco visibility should be regulated in currently exempt tobacco specialist shops.
零售烟草店中烟草产品的可见性与开始吸烟有关。为解决这一问题，荷兰在2020年至2022年期间禁止了零售环境中的烟草产品展示、广告和自动售货机。烟草/电子烟专卖店除外。本研究评估了这些政策对零售环境中烟草可见性和零售商合规性的影响。
我们在2019年至2022年期间（政策实施前后）对荷兰四个城市（阿姆斯特丹、哈勒姆、埃因霍温和兹沃勒）的所有烟草店进行了观察性审计，评估烟草产品和广告的可见性、合规性以及实施后烟草可见性的剩余来源。我们按地点和店铺类型描述了结果。
有任何烟草广告或产品可见性的烟草店数量从530家降至267家（-50%）。在不受禁令豁免的店铺中，可见性店铺数量从449家降至172家（-62%），加油站（12%）和超市（6%）的禁令后可见性低于小商店（47%）。烟草/电子烟店的可见性增加了17%。烟草产品展示仍然是可见性的主要来源。93%的烟草自动售货机被移除。地图显示，违规行为集中在阿姆斯特丹市中心，在其他城市分布更为均匀。
烟草展示和烟草广告禁令使零售环境中烟草的可见性减半，自动售货机禁令几乎根除了自动售货机。为进一步降低烟草可见性，应解决小商店的违规行为，并对目前豁免的烟草专卖店的烟草可见性进行监管。
